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交通是旅游过程中能源消耗和碳排放的主要环节,认识旅游交通能源效率变化及其影响因素对推动旅游低碳化发展具有重要意义。基于中国旅游交通及相关数据,在测算不同类型旅游交通工具能源消耗系数的基础上,遵循“自上而下”原则构建新的研究方法,分析考察1994-2013年旅游交通的能源消耗、碳排放、能源效率及其影响因素。结果显示,1)中国旅游交通能源消耗由178.21PJ增长至565.82PJ,年均增长率为6.27%,相应的CO_2排放由14.96×10~6 t增长至47.94×10~6 t,主要由旅游出游人次数快速增长和旅游出行距离增加引起;2)中国旅游交通能源服务效率由3.22×10~6人次PJ~(-1)提高至5.99×10~6人次PJ~(-1),能源生态效率由26.07 kg人次~(-1)提升至14.01 kg人次~(-1);3)单位交通能耗降低、规模效应、政策推动等成为能源效率提高的主导推动因素,但旅游出行方式变化、享受型交通工具的发展等阻碍了能源效率的提升。基于分析结果,提出了中国旅游交通降低能源消耗、提高能源效率的建议措施。
Transportation is the main link of energy consumption and carbon emissions in the tourism process. It is of great significance to understand the changes of energy efficiency in tourism transport and its influencing factors in promoting the development of low-carbon tourism. Based on China’s tourism traffic and related data, based on the measurement of energy consumption coefficient of different types of tourism vehicles, a new research method is constructed following the principle of “top-down”, and the energy consumption of tourism traffic during 1994-2013 is analyzed. Carbon Emissions, Energy Efficiency and Influencing Factors. The results show that 1) the energy consumption of tourist traffic in China increased from 178.21PJ to 565.82PJ, with an average annual growth rate of 6.27% and the corresponding CO_2 emission increased from 14.96 × 10 ~ 6 t to 47.94 × 10 ~ 6t, The rapid growth of population and the increase of travel distance; 2) The energy efficiency of tourism transportation in China increased from 3.22 × 10 ~ 6 PJ ~ (-1) to 5.99 × 10 ~ 6 PJ ~ (-1), and the energy eco-efficiency From 26.07 kg -1 to 14.01 kg -1; 3) Decreasing unit energy consumption, economies of scale and promoting policies have become the main driving factors for energy efficiency improvement. However, changes in tourism modes of travel and enjoyment Such as the development of transport vehicles hinder the improvement of energy efficiency. Based on the analysis results, the proposed measures to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in China’s tourism and traffic are proposed.