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目的了解吸烟暴露对建筑工人咳嗽发生的影响。方法采用方便抽样方法,抽取204名建筑工人为研究对象,调查其吸烟暴露和咳嗽发生的情况。按照其吸烟暴露情况分为不吸烟组(18人)、被动吸烟组(66人)和主动吸烟组(120人)。结果 204名建筑工人主动吸烟率为58.8%(120/204),每日吸烟率为51.5%(105/204);非吸烟者被动吸烟率为78.6%(66/84),非吸烟者每日被动吸烟率为66.7%(56/84)。204名建筑工人偶尔咳嗽发生率为15.2%(31/204),经常咳嗽发生率为52.4%(107/204),咳嗽总发生率为67.6%(138/204)。主动吸烟组建筑工人偶尔咳嗽发生率高于被动吸烟组(23.3%vs 1.5%,P<0.01);被动吸烟组和主动吸烟组建筑工人经常咳嗽发生率均高于不吸烟组(54.5%vs 22.2%,55.8%vs 22.2%,P<0.017);主动吸烟组建筑工人咳嗽总发生率分别高于不吸烟组和被动吸烟组(79.2%vs 33.3%,79.2%vs 56.1%,P<0.01)。建筑工人的咳嗽发生频率与吸烟暴露有关联,主动吸烟者偶尔咳嗽和经常咳嗽的发生风险均高于不吸烟者(比值比分别为5.958、6.990,P<0.05),被动吸烟者经常咳嗽发生风险高于不吸烟者(优势比为3.536,P<0.05)。结论吸烟暴露是导致建筑工人咳嗽的重要危险因素;应采取有效措施,加强建筑工人的控烟工作。
Objective To understand the effect of smoking exposure on the cough of construction workers. Methods Convenient sampling methods were used to collect 204 construction workers as the research object to investigate their smoking exposure and coughing. According to their smoking exposure, they were divided into non-smoking group (18 persons), passive smoking group (66 persons) and active smoking group (120 persons). Results 204 construction workers active smoking rate was 58.8% (120/204), daily smoking rate was 51.5% (105/204); non-smoker passive smoking rate was 78.6% (66/84), non-smokers daily Passive smoking was 66.7% (56/84). The incidence of occasional cough in 204 construction workers was 15.2% (31/204), the incidence of recurrent cough was 52.4% (107/204) and the total incidence of cough was 67.6% (138/204). Occasionally, the incidence of cough in active smoking group was higher than that in passive smoking group (23.3% vs 1.5%, P <0.01). The incidences of frequent coughing in passive smoking group and active smoking group were higher than those in non-smoking group (54.5% vs 22.2 %, 55.8% vs 22.2%, P <0.017). The incidence of cough in active smoking group was higher than that in non-smoking group and passive smoking group (79.2% vs 33.3%, 79.2% vs 56.1%, P <0.01). The incidence of coughing among construction workers was correlated with smoking exposure. The risk of occasional coughing and frequent coughing among active smokers was higher than that of nonsmokers (odds ratio 5.958, 6.990, P <0.05, respectively). Passive smokers often coughed at risk Higher than non-smokers (odds ratio 3.536, P <0.05). Conclusion Smoking exposure is an important risk factor for coughing of construction workers. Effective measures should be taken to enhance the control of construction workers.