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建立大田温棚 ,以不同的人工低温量 (冷温小时数分别为 60 0 h、90 0 h、1 2 0 0 h)处理滇中砀山酥梨休眠芽和枝 ,分别将枝条嫁接到温棚中 ,调查芽的萌动与发育状况 ,并检测不同的低温量导致芽和枝发生的生理生化变化。结果表明 :不经冬季低温处理的砀山酥梨花芽必然不能解除休眠 ;60 0 h低温量基本可解除砀山酥梨花芽休眠 ,90 0 h低温量使休眠芽的总萌发率、花芽萌动率均达最高值 ,1 2 0 0 h低温量反而使休眠芽的总萌发率、花芽萌动率有所下降 ;90 0 h低温量导致最高的可溶性糖含量、最高的还原糖含量、最高的束缚态脯氨酸含量、最低的淀粉含量和最低的 Hyp/Pro,60 0 h低温量导致最高的总糖含量、最高的非还原糖含量、最高的束缚态羟脯氨酸含量和最低的还原糖 /非还原糖 ;砀山酥梨休眠芽和枝仅含极少量的游离氨基酸、游离 Pro和可溶性蛋白质 ,不溶性蛋白质可能主要由 Pro和 Hyp组成。建议将“人工冷藏接穗进行高接”作为“暖冬”年份保证滇中砀山酥梨产量的关键技术之一。
The field greenhouse was established and the dormant buds and branches of Dangshan pear were treated with different artificial low temperature (60 ℃, 90 ℃, 120 h respectively), the branches were grafted into the greenhouse, The germination and development of buds were investigated, and the physiological and biochemical changes of buds and branches were detected under different low temperature. The results showed that the flower buds of Dangshansu pear without low temperature in winter could not release the dormancy. The flower bud dormancy of Dangshansu pear could be released at the low temperature of 60 0 h, and the total germination rate and bud germination rate reached the highest However, the highest germination rate and the bud germination rate of dormant buds decreased with the low temperature at 120 h. The highest soluble sugar content, the highest reducing sugar content, the highest bound protamine The highest total sugar content, the highest non-reducing sugar content, the highest bound hydroxyproline content, and the lowest reducing sugar / non-reducing content were the highest acid content, the lowest starch content and the lowest Hyp / Pro, Sugar; Dangshan pear dormant buds and branches contain only a very small amount of free amino acids, free Pro and soluble protein, insoluble protein may be mainly composed of Pro and Hyp. It is suggested that “Artificial frozen stalk should be taken high” as one of the key technologies to ensure the yield of Dangshan pear in Yunnan in the year of “warm winter”.