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红豆杉(亦称紫杉)属植物,是中生代子遗的古老裸孑植物,堪称为活化石。该属植物的种类较少,目前世界上只有太平洋红豆杉、印度红豆杉、南方红豆杉和东北红豆杉等11个种,而且种群数量小,濒临灭绝的边缘。在该属植物中,含有一种二萜类化合物——紫杉醇(也叫紫杉酚),具有高抗癌活性,可干扰癌细胞的微管蛋白合成,且对正常细胞基本无影响。以紫杉醇为主要成分生产出世界公认的可治疗乳腺癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌等10多种癌症的特效药物,尤其是对晚期卵巢癌和转移性乳腺癌的治愈率达33％,总有效率达75％以上。据报道,紫杉醇除有抗癌作用外,还可用来治疗若干种慢性炎症性疾病,如风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣、特应性湿疹等。
Taxus (also known as yew) genus, is the Mesozoic archeology of ancient bare larvae, called living fossils. There are only a few species of this genus, so far there are only 11 species of Pacific yew, Taxus chinensis, Taxus mairei and Taxus chinensis in the world, and the population is small and on the verge of extinction. In this genus, a diterpenoid, paclitaxel (also known as paclitaxel), has a high anticancer activity that interferes with tubulin synthesis in cancer cells and has virtually no effect on normal cells. Paclitaxel as the main component to produce the world recognized to treat breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer and other 10 kinds of cancer-specific drugs, especially for advanced ovarian cancer and metastasis The cure rate of breast cancer is 33%, the total effective rate is more than 75%. According to reports, paclitaxel in addition to anti-cancer effect, but also can be used to treat a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atopic eczema and so on.