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It is estimated that 80% of the world population depends on traditional medicine for primary healthcare need.Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. (family: Aizoaceae) is a smal perennial weed found in the Americas, Africa, India, and other regions of the world. This plant is used extensively in Indian traditional medicines and is also consumed as a vegetable throughout Asia for its perceived health beneifts. Phytochemical analysis ofT. portulacastrum reveals the presence of alkaloids, lfavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. Emerging studies demonstrate that crude extracts as wel as bioactive phytoconstituents ofT. portulacastrum exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-infective, analgesic, and anti-inlfammatory activities. A growing number of in vitro andin vivo studies demonstrate various biological and pharmacological activities, including prevention and amelioration of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, infectious diseases and cancer. This review aims to present and analyze available literature to understand the ful potential ofT. portulacastrum in health promotion and disease prevention. Current limitations and future directions of research on this medicinal and dietary plant are also criticaly discussed.