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目的分析动物致伤人群狂犬病疫苗的接种依从性及影响因素。方法对2016年在宜昌市疾病预防控制中心动物致伤预防处置门诊就诊的动物致伤人群进行回顾性调查,采用描述性方法分析狂犬病疫苗的接种依从率。结果 7 974名动物致伤者的总接种依从率为90.13%;其中Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级暴露者分别为93.70%、88.07%(χ~2=65.95,P=0.000),采用“2-1-1”程序、5针程序者分别为95.78%、84.51%(χ~2=284.50,P=0.000)。接种疫苗依从率以春夏季、城镇、≤17岁、女性分别高于秋冬季、农村、≥18岁、男性。不依从的主要原因包括因客观原因错过接种(34.05%)、遗忘(27.32%)、担心接种后不良反应(25.03%)、认为没有必要接种(13.60%)。结论宜昌市动物致伤者狂犬病疫苗的接种依从率低,应加强对农村地区、成年人等重点人群的健康教育,推广合适的狂犬病疫苗程序。
Objective To analyze the vaccination compliance and influencing factors of rabies vaccination in animal-injured population. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the animal-injured population in animal injury prevention and treatment clinics in Yichang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. The descriptive method was used to analyze the vaccination compliance rate of rabies vaccines. Results The total inoculation rate was 90.13% in 7 974 animals, among which 93.70% and 88.07% were grade Ⅲ and Ⅱ, respectively (χ ~ 2 = 65.95, P = 0.000) -1 "program, and the 5-stitch program was 95.78% and 84.51% respectively (χ ~ 2 = 284.50, P = 0.000). Vaccination compliance rate in spring and summer, urban areas, ≤ 17 years old, women were higher than in autumn and winter, rural areas, ≥ 18 years old, men. The main reasons for non-compliance included missed vaccination for objective reasons (34.05%), forgotten (27.32%), fear of adverse reactions after vaccination (25.03%) and no need of vaccination (13.60%). Conclusion The vaccination rate of rabies vaccine in animal-injured people in Yichang City is low. Health education should be strengthened for key populations in rural areas and adults, and the appropriate rabies vaccine program should be promoted.