目前常用的液体闪烁计数器,因其本底高,必须先将环境水样中氚进行浓缩处理之后,才能进行测量,这样既浪费时间和人力,又引进一些误差来源。本文介绍采用国产GDB-52LD光电倍增管研制成的可直接测量环境水样中氚含量的液体闪烁计数器。没有采取反符合屏蔽,由于尽量增大光收集极效率,提高了信噪比和探测效率,同时针对可能引起本底计数的各方面采取了措施,降低了成本。 Currently used liquid scintillation counter, because of its high background, the tritium must first be concentrated in the environmental water samples before they can be measured, thus wasting time and manpower and introducing some sources of error. This article describes the use of domestic GDB-52LD photomultiplier tubes developed can directly measure the tritium content of environmental water scintillation counter. Anti-coincidence shielding has not been adopted, which has reduced costs by maximizing the efficiency of light harvesting, improving signal-to-noise ratio and detection efficiency, and taking measures in all aspects that may cause background counting.