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目的：探究子宫颈癌发生发展中HLA基因易感及NK细胞受体免疫应答的作用。方法：本研究选取2013年1月至2014年1月于我院诊治，并经病理活检证实为子宫颈癌的患者200例作为观察组，同时，随机选取200例健康妇女为对照组。两组均在入院时取外周血2 ml，采集观察组的宫颈细胞样品用来进行细胞学观察和HPV的DNA探查，观察两组人员HPV感染率和HLA分型。结果：两组入组人员HPV感染阳性率分别为91％、16％，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。观察组患者HLA-KIR*1003、HLA-KIR*14、HLA-KIR*17、HLA-KIR*02、HLA-KIR*12的分布频率分别为41％、39％、35％、15％、53％，对照组分别为18％、15％、14％、52％、89％，两组比较差异均具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05），其中观察组患者HLA-KIR*1003、HLA-KIR*14、HLA-KIR*17分布频率明显高于对照组，HLA-KIR*02、HLA-KIR*12的分布频率明显低于对照组。结论：在子宫颈癌发生发展的过程中，存在HLA-KIR*1003、HLA-KIR*14、HLA-KIR*17等位基因易感，而HLA-KIR*02、HLA-KIR*12等位基因可减少宫颈癌的发生。“,”Objective:To investigate the effect of HLA genetic susceptibility and NK cell receptors and immune response on the occurrence and development of the Cervical cancer.Methods: Select the 200 patients confirmed by the pathological biopsy in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2014 as the observation group.At the same time,randomly select the 200 healthy women as the control group.Both of them blood 2 ml peripheral blood,sample the cervical cell from the observation group.Having the cytological ob-servation and the DNA′s probe of the HPV,observe two group′s HPV infection rates and HLA′s parting.Results: The HPV infection rates of the observation group is 91%,and the rates of the control group is 16%.The differences between them were all significant(P<0.05).The HLA-KIR*1003,HLA-KIR*14,HLA-KIR*17,HLA-KIR*02,HLA-KIR*12 distribution frequency of the observation group are 41%,39%,35%,15%,53%.The HLA-KIR*1003,HLA-KIR*14,HLA-KIR*17,HLA-KIR*02,HLA-KIR*12 distribution frequency of the control group are 18%,15%,14%,52%,89%.The differences between them were all significant ( P<0.05).Among them The HLA-KIR*1003, HLA-KIR*14, HLA-KIR*17 distribution frequency of the observation group are significantly higher than the control group, HLA-KIR*02 , HLA-KIR*12 distribution frequency of the observation group are significantly lower than the control group.Conclusion:During the occurrence and development of the Cervical cancer,the HLA-KIR*1003,HLA-KIR*14,HLA-KIR*17 may be the risk factors for the Cervical cancer;the HLA-KIR*02,HLA-KIR*12 may be the protective factors for the Cervical cancer.