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目的了解蒙古族已婚妇女阴道感染念珠菌和滴虫状况及相关危险因素,为预防此病提供科学依据。方法收集2014年8月-2015年7月内蒙古医科大学附属医院生殖中心2 987例蒙古族患者的临床资料,采集患者阴道分泌物,显微镜下检查到念珠菌孢子或假菌丝确诊念珠菌感染,悬滴法镜检确诊滴虫感染。采用SPSS19.0对数据进行统计和分析。结果 2 987例研究对象中,细菌性阴道炎患者347例,检出率11.62%;念珠菌性阴道炎患者275例,检出率9.21%;滴虫性阴道炎有204例,检出率6.83%;其他类型阴道感染193例,检出率6.46%。不同文化程度、年龄、婚龄、结婚年限和产次蒙古族妇女阴道念珠菌感染率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=31.77,24.39,12.97,24.35和13.08,P均<0.05),不同孕次人群念珠菌感染率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.6442,P>0.05)。不同年龄、婚龄、结婚年限、文化程度、孕次和产次蒙古族妇女阴道滴虫感染率差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=23.04,15.18,25.30,28.65,28.05和27.32,P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,阴道念珠菌感染与文化程度、年龄和孕次有关,其中,年龄高是其保护因素,孕次和文化程度是危险因素。阴道滴虫感染与婚龄、孕次和产次有关,其中年龄高是其保护因素,孕次和产次是危险因素。结论蒙古族已婚妇女阴道念珠菌和滴虫感染率较高,与年龄、文化程度、孕产次等因素有关,应针对危险因素采取有效防控措施。
Objective To understand the status of vaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis in Mongolian married women and the related risk factors to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of the disease. Methods Clinical data of 2 987 Mongolian patients in the Reproductive Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from August 2014 to July 2015 were collected. Vaginal secretions of patients were collected. Candida spores or pseudohyphae were confirmed by microscopic examination for candidiasis. Hanging drop mirror microscopic diagnosis of trichomoniasis infection. Statistics and analysis of data using SPSS19.0. Results Among 2 987 subjects, 347 cases of bacterial vaginosis were found, with a detection rate of 11.62%. 275 cases of Candida vaginitis were detected with a detection rate of 9.21%. There were 204 cases of trichomonas vaginitis with a detection rate of 6.83 %; Other types of 193 cases of vaginal infections, the detection rate of 6.46%. Mongolian women with different educational level, age, marriage age, marriage duration and birth time had statistically significant differences (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in the rate of candidiasis in the sub-population (χ ~ 2 = 0.6442, P> 0.05). Mongolian women had different infection rates of vaginal trichomoniasis (χ ~ 2 = 23.04,15.18,25.30,28.65,28.05 and 27.32, P <0.05), with different ages, marriageable ages, years of marriage, educational attainment, 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Candida vaginalis infection was related to the educational level, age and pregnancy time. Among them, the high age was the protective factor and the times of pregnancy and educational level were risk factors. Trichomonas vaginalis infection and marriage age, pregnancy times and parity, of which age is its protective factor, pregnancy times and parity is a risk factor. Conclusion The prevalence of Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis in married Mongolian women is relatively high, which is related to the factors such as age, education level and motherhood. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to the risk factors.