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利用长期定位施肥试验,于2011年采样研究长期施用不同有机物料(秸秆、有机肥)对东北黑土氮素有效性的影响,并分析氮供应与作物生物量及产量的关系。结果表明:化肥配施有机肥、化肥配施低量秸秆均可显著提高黑土农田土壤无机氮和硝态氮含量,进而提高作物产量;尽管化肥配施高量秸秆提高了土壤氮矿化速率,但可能由于硝态氮淋溶或者其他形式的氮素损失或转化,与化肥配施低量秸秆处理相比,化肥配施高量秸秆下土壤无机氮量并没有增加。可见,适量施用有机物料对提高土壤氮素有效性、提高作物产量及保护环境具有重要意义。
Using long-term fertilization experiment, the effects of long-term application of different organic materials (straw and organic fertilizer) on nitrogen availability of black soil in Northeast China were studied in 2011 and the relationship between nitrogen supply and crop biomass and yield was analyzed. The results showed that with the combination of chemical fertilizer with organic manure and chemical fertilizer with low amount of straw, the contents of inorganic nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the black soil farmland could be significantly increased, and then the crop yield could be increased. Although high N fertilizer rate increased the soil nitrogen mineralization rate, However, due to the leaching of nitrate nitrogen or other forms of nitrogen loss or transformation, the amount of inorganic nitrogen in soil without fertilizer application increased with the application of chemical fertilizer with low amount of straw. It can be seen that the proper application of organic materials is of great significance to improve soil nitrogen availability, increase crop yield and protect the environment.