概述了国外运载器、航天器从地面到空间自然环境标准的分类及其主要标准 ,综述了各类标准制定的背景 ,简介了美国宇航局陆地环境标准化手册、欧洲空间合作标准化组织空间环境标准和美国空军空间环境标准的主要内容 ,并对参照国外先进标准制定我国的运载器、航天器相关环境标准提出了建议。 This paper summarizes the classification and the main standards of the natural environment standards of the carriers and spacecrafts from the ground to the space, summarizes the background of various standards, introduces the manuals of NASA’s terrestrial environment standardization, the space environment standard of the European Organization for Security and Cooperation in Space The main contents of the Air Force space environment standards, and put forward some suggestions on the development of China’s environmental standards related to carriers and spacecraft with reference to advanced foreign standards.