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目的 探讨儿童情感性精神障碍的临床特征。方法 将 5 4例符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第 2版修订本中情感性精神障碍、年龄≤ 16岁的患者 (儿童少年组 ,以下简称儿少组 ) ,与随机抽取的同期住院的 5 3例成年情感性精神障碍患者 (成人组 )的临床特征进行对照分析。结果 儿少组缓慢起病者 (5 0 % )多于成人组 (2 3% ) ,发病次数 [(3 3± 4 2 )次 ]多于成人组 [(2 3±1 8)次 ;χ2 =6 11～ 9 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ];儿少组情感性精神障碍的核心症状与成人组无本质区别 ,其中在联想困难、疑病、自杀观念、自杀行为、疲乏、体重下降、食欲下降方面少于成人组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,焦虑、激越和学习成绩下降多于成人组 (P <0 0 1) ;躁狂症精力充沛、精神运动性兴奋、社会功能受损少于成人组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;儿少组的抑郁发作者有 2 6 %、躁狂发作有 6 6 %分别伴有行为问题 ;儿少组的幻听、牵连观念及怪异行为多于成人组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 儿童抑郁症和躁狂症伴有较多的行为问题 ;儿童与成人的情感性精神障碍可能是起病于不同年龄的同一疾病
Objective To explore the clinical features of children with emotional disorders. Methods Fifty-four patients with affective disorder, who were less than 16 years old (group of children and adolescents, hereinafter referred to as children and adolescents), were enrolled in a randomized trial of 54 patients with psychiatric disorders and the second revision of diagnostic criteria. Fifty-three adult patients with emotional disorders (adult group) were analyzed for clinical features. Results The rate of onset of onset was significantly higher in children than in adults (50%) than in adults (23%), (33 ± 42) times more than that in adults = 6 11 ~ 9 0 5, P <0 0 5]. There were no essential differences between children and adolescents in the core symptoms of affective disorder compared with those in the adult group. Among them, there were no significant differences between the two groups in association difficulties, suspicion, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, fatigue, (P <0.01, P <0.05), anxiety, agitation and academic performance decreased more than those in the adult group (P <0.01); mania was energetic and psychomotor Excitement, impaired social function, less than adult group (P <0.05, P <0.01); children with depression group had 26% depression and manic episode with 6 6% Less auditory hallucinations, implicated attitudes and weird behavior than the adult group (P <0 05). Conclusions Children with depression and mania have more behavioral problems. Emotional disorders in children and adults may be the same disease of different ages