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目的分析2005-2014年10年间中国傈僳族儿童青少年体格生长发育和营养状况的发展变化趋势,并提出改善傈僳族儿童青少年目前生长发育和营养现状的建议。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在云南省怒江州3个县随机抽取24所中小学7~18岁傈僳族学生作为研究对象。采用WHO-2006标准,对2005-2014年间历次参加全国学生体质健康调研的学生进行学生体格生长发育的变化趋势,以及生长迟缓和消瘦检出率的变化情况的比较。结果2005-2014年傈僳族男、女生的营养不良率从48.84%和41.13%下降到30.96%和23.41%。其中2005、2010年和2014年男生生长迟滞率分别为43.22%、35.54%和25.80%;女生分别为38.15%、33.56%和20.30%。2005、2010年和2014年傈僳族18岁身高性差分别为8.94cm、9.96cm和11.28cm。结论傈僳族儿童青少年营养状况得到明显改善,但学生营养不良问题仍很严重。针对学生营养不良和性差<13cm等问题,建议开展人群的营养与健康教育干预工作,进一步加大力度推动和促进学生营养改善计划工作的开展,深度挖掘傈僳族成年身高的增长潜力。
Objective To analyze the trend of physical growth and nutritional status of Lisu children and adolescents in China during the 10 years from 2005 to 2014 and to propose some suggestions to improve the current growth and nutrition status of Lisu children and adolescents. Methods A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 24 Lisu students from 7 to 18 years old in primary and secondary schools in 3 counties in Nujiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province as subjects. According to the WHO-2006 standard, the change trend of students’ physical growth and development, as well as the comparison of growth retardation and weight loss detection rate among students who participated in the National Student Physical Health Survey from 2005 to 2014 were compared. Results The malnutrition rate of Lisu men and girls in 2005-2014 dropped from 48.84% and 41.13% to 30.96% and 23.41% respectively. Among them, the growth retard rates of male students in 2005, 2010 and 2014 were 43.22%, 35.54% and 25.80% respectively; the female students were 38.15%, 33.56% and 20.30% respectively. The 18-year-old Lisu people with poor sex in 2005, 2010 and 2014 were 8.94cm, 9.96cm and 11.28cm respectively. Conclusion The nutritional status of Lisu children and adolescents has been significantly improved, but the problem of malnutrition is still serious. For students malnutrition and sex difference <13cm and other issues, it is recommended to carry out population nutrition and health education intervention, and further increase efforts to promote and promote the nutrition of students to carry out the plan of improvement work, dig deep adult Lisu height growth potential.