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克里米亚半岛位于苏联欧洲部分南端,长年不动地悬浮在黑海北部海面上。这里是连接欧洲和中东的重要海上通道。它的南部海岸与土耳其遥遥相对,它西面则是罗马利亚和保加利亚。1941年底,德军对苏联克里米亚半岛的攻势正在展开,对克里米亚半岛西南部苏军防守森严的塞瓦斯托波尔海军基地的进攻也迫在眉睫。柏林最高指挥部意识到为了保护在克里米亚半岛南岸及黑海北部的亚速海的海上交通线,必须组建一支由适当数量的轻型快速船只和小吨位潜艇组成的护航编队。
Crimean Peninsula is located in the southern tip of the Soviet Union in Europe for many years suspended in the northern Black Sea. Here is an important maritime access to Europe and the Middle East. Its southern coast is far from Turkey, to the west, to Romania and Bulgaria. At the end of 1941, the German offensive against the Soviet Union in the Crimean Peninsula was under way and the attack on the defensive Soviet naval base of Sevastopol in the southwest of the Crimea was imminent. The Supreme Command in Berlin realized that in order to protect maritime traffic on the Azores in the southern coast of the Crimea and northern Black Sea, a convoy of appropriate numbers of light fast and small tonnage submarines must be formed.