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目的评估耐火陶瓷纤维(RCFs)生产企业不同工种和岗位作业工人纤维粉尘的职业接触水平,分析其接触特征。方法通过现场职业卫生学调查,选择较为典型的耐火陶瓷纤维生产企业,确定14个工种的37个岗位作为耐火陶瓷纤维职业接触水平检测对象。总粉尘质量浓度按《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分:总粉尘浓度》(GBZ/T192.1—2007)进行测定,纤维计数浓度采用滤膜/相差显微镜法进行测定,估算不同工种及岗位作业人员的日接触浓度(CTWA,8 h)和周接触浓度(CTWA,40 h),以5 mg/m3和0.5 f/ml作为CTWA,40 h分析的参考值。结果总粉尘质量浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.63~16.12 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.01~1.04 f/ml。生产RCFs的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值2.56 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.19 f/ml,呈低总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;加工RCFs的纺织车间操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.06 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.20 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;模块车间的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.74 mg/m3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.73 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、高纤维计数浓度的特征。结论耐火陶瓷纤维作业工人接触的纤维计数浓度较低时,总粉尘质量浓度仍可能较高,联合测定两种表示单位的浓度可以更好地反映作业工人的职业接触特征。
Objective To evaluate the occupational exposure level of fiber dust of workers of different types and positions in refractory ceramic fiber (RCFs) manufacturing enterprises and analyze their contact characteristics. Methods According to the field occupational hygiene survey, the typical refractory ceramic fiber producers were selected and 37 positions in 14 different types were selected as the occupational exposure level of refractory ceramic fibers. Total dust concentration according to “workplace airborne dust Part 1: total dust concentration” (GBZ / T192.1-2007) were measured, the fiber count concentration using the filter / phase contrast microscopy method to determine the different types of jobs and positions The daily contact concentration (CTWA, 8 h) and the weekly contact concentration (CTWA, 40 h) of the workers were used as reference values for 40 h at 5 mg / m3 and 0.5 f / ml for CTWA. Results The CTWA of total dust mass concentration ranged from 0.63 to 16.12 mg / m3 in 40 h, and the CTWA in fiber count concentration ranged from 0.01 to 1.04 f / ml in 40 h. The average concentration of total dust in contact with RCFs exposed to the workmen was 2.56 mg / m3 and the average value of fiber counts was 0.19 f / ml, which was characterized by low total dust concentration and low fiber count concentration. Textile workshop operators who processed RCFs contacted Of the total dust concentration of 7.06 mg / m3, the average fiber count concentration of 0.20 f / ml, was high total dust concentration, low fiber count concentration characteristics; module workshop operator contact total dust concentration average 7.74 mg / m3, the average fiber count concentration of 0.73 f / ml, high total dust concentration, high fiber count concentration characteristics. Conclusion The concentration of total dust in the refractory ceramic fiber workers exposed to low concentration of fiber may still be higher. The combined determination of the two concentration units can better reflect the occupational exposure characteristics of workers.