论文部分内容阅读
China might embrace a new round of investment in 2012 thanks to the industrial development blueprints which have been or will be issued by government departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), Ministry of Commerce, and the National Development and Reform Commission. Those plans involve more than 20 industries, including new energy, renewable energy, coal industry, environmental protection, trade service, iron and steel, finance, bio-pharmaceutical, the Internet of Things and strategic industries.
The authorities ordered the plans to be issued in November or December to provide the industries with clear guidelines as they enter the second year of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15).
This year is the first year of the 12th Five-Year Plan during which a series of industrial development plans should be enacted. The next year is the first year of implementation of those plans. Judging by the announced plans, the Central Government has designated massive fiscal, financial, tax and policy support to relevant industries. The signals sent by the government will attract more investment in relevant industries.
Domestic capital and companies have already prepared for new investment for industrial upgrades and innovations in line with the plans. In the meantime, well-known international institutions and investment banks have also shown interest in China’s economic structural reform as well as arising investment opportunities. According to the World Bank, China will take concrete steps in economic restructuring and relevant industries, such as the new emerging industries, upgrade traditional manufacturing and modern service industries and provide new opportunities for global investors.
The World Bank report also pointed out that even though Chinese economic development might slow down, it is possible to expect a big rise in the quality of China’s economic development due to the structural reform.
Strategic choice
For years, the Chinese Government has been promoting economic restructuring. Li Yizhong, Chairman of China Federation of Industrial Economics (CFIE), warned if China continues its current economic practice, it may not only sabotage its environment but also drag the economy down.
Deep-rooted problems emerged after more than three decades of fast economic development. First, China’s industry is big in size, but not always strong. It lacks innovation and relies heavily on imports of key facilities, and core technologies. China does not have internationally competitive companies or brands. Li believed the stage of“trading market for technology” has passed, and China should enter an innovation phase.
Second, the resource and environment factors cannot sustain the traditional economic development model. China’s output of crude steel, cement and coal account for 45.4 percent, 50 percent and 45.6 percent respectively of the world’s total, but its GDP takes up 9.5 percent of the world’s total.
In 2010, China consumed 3.25 billion tons of standard coal. Even if it controls the increment of coal consumption within 100 million tons each year, China will need more than 4.2 billion tons of standard coal by 2020. Achieving industrial modernization will be impossible if China follows the old path of development.
Third, the proportion of investment, consumption and export remains imbalanced. China has traditionally relied on investment and exports for economic development. Investment grew 25.5 percent each year on average during the 11th Five-Year Plan(2006-10), resulting in price surges of energy and raw materials, heavy local debt and excess production capacity in certain industries. Back then, exports contributed 50-60 percent to economic growth, making China’s economy vulnerable to international fluctuations.
Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the world economy has been undergoing tremendous changes. Li said it is without doubt
that the Chinese economy will continue to be prosperous in spite of domestic or international obstacles. But he warned of a more complicated and serious industrial development situation.
Internationally, the world economy will continue to be unstable for a long time. The economic downturn in European and American countries would to some extent hamper the world economic recovery. Global investment, consumption and international trade might stay at a relatively low level. Potential risks of the European and American debt crisis cannot be overlooked. World economic recovery will be long and much more effort is needed if any form of prosperity is to be attained. Economic takeoff in developed economies needs a fundamental structural change and will be spurred by new growth engines.
However, the “re-industrialization” idea proposed by the United States and some European countries has not been effectively implemented. The development of new energy, low carbon, and new generation of information technology industries is proceeding slowly. “Without major scientific and technological innovation, or without the revitalization of the real economy, developed countries might fall into a prolonged period of depression, which would cripple China’s exports,” said Li.
Domestically, imbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable industrial development remains a major headache. First of all, further expansion of consumption and upgrades of the consumption structure face a lot of restrictions. Urbanization remains the inner push for China’s economic growth. But urbanization is confronted with a number of obstacles such as the rise of living expenses, employment pressure, increasing gap between urban and rural incomes and the imperfect social guarantee system. Second, China’s traditional comparative advantage is being dented due to the skyrocketing prices of land, labor, raw material and fuel. In addition, carbon emission reduction requests will put pressure on China’s economic and social development. Third, structural problems, such as excess capacity and outdated capacity in certain industries, still exist. The slow development of the scale of economy, backward development of a productive service industry and improper industrial production arrangements are haunting economic development. Those are the major barriers clogging China’s industrial development.
“Internal and external conditions for the demand structure, production cost and international trade are making rapid changes. Speeding up industrial restructuring and pushing forward economic structure readjustment have become the most important strategic choice for China,” said Li. “If we fail to adapt to the new round of global technology reform and industrial restruc- turing, we may lose the new development opportunity.”
No easy task
China should consider the following questions before it takes on a major change in economic development. How to turn the past extensive development mode into an efficiency-oriented intensive one? How can China develop an economy led by innovation and efficiency? How can Chinese companies adapt themselves to the restructuring?
Gu Qiang, Deputy Director of the Planning Department of MIIT, said the top priority is to make breakthroughs in core technology.
“Even though it takes a long time, achieving technology innovation and breakthroughs is the core of the industrial upgrade,” said Gu.
Gu said the green industry should be the major power driving economic growth. At present, the world economic slowdown makes export expansion a mission impossible. In the meantime, although domestic consumption is making an increasing contribution to economic development, an excess reliance on consumption for economic growth is not a good way either.
“I believe our economy should be driven by green technology and our economic growth should be achieved in a greener way,” said Gu.
Gu said in terms of carbon emission reduction and energy conservation, the government has made proper regulations. Green does not refer to emission reduction only, as the reduction itself may spur emergence of new industries. For instance, in cloud calculation, the most important part is energy conservation.
Li of the CFIE said China should increase support to technology innovation in emerging industries, building up a number of high-level technology innovation infrastructure and speeding up industrialization of new technologies.
China should also focus on new ways of doing business by promoting professional services and valueadded services. New channels and platforms must be built for new industrial products to enter into the market.
Li said the development of the service industry that promotes industrial restructuring and upgrading should be given enough attention so that it may provide strong support to industrial restructuring. The service industry may include industrial design, modern logistics, information service, software industry, science and technology management consultancy and business process outsourcing.
The authorities ordered the plans to be issued in November or December to provide the industries with clear guidelines as they enter the second year of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15).
This year is the first year of the 12th Five-Year Plan during which a series of industrial development plans should be enacted. The next year is the first year of implementation of those plans. Judging by the announced plans, the Central Government has designated massive fiscal, financial, tax and policy support to relevant industries. The signals sent by the government will attract more investment in relevant industries.
Domestic capital and companies have already prepared for new investment for industrial upgrades and innovations in line with the plans. In the meantime, well-known international institutions and investment banks have also shown interest in China’s economic structural reform as well as arising investment opportunities. According to the World Bank, China will take concrete steps in economic restructuring and relevant industries, such as the new emerging industries, upgrade traditional manufacturing and modern service industries and provide new opportunities for global investors.
The World Bank report also pointed out that even though Chinese economic development might slow down, it is possible to expect a big rise in the quality of China’s economic development due to the structural reform.
Strategic choice
For years, the Chinese Government has been promoting economic restructuring. Li Yizhong, Chairman of China Federation of Industrial Economics (CFIE), warned if China continues its current economic practice, it may not only sabotage its environment but also drag the economy down.
Deep-rooted problems emerged after more than three decades of fast economic development. First, China’s industry is big in size, but not always strong. It lacks innovation and relies heavily on imports of key facilities, and core technologies. China does not have internationally competitive companies or brands. Li believed the stage of“trading market for technology” has passed, and China should enter an innovation phase.
Second, the resource and environment factors cannot sustain the traditional economic development model. China’s output of crude steel, cement and coal account for 45.4 percent, 50 percent and 45.6 percent respectively of the world’s total, but its GDP takes up 9.5 percent of the world’s total.
In 2010, China consumed 3.25 billion tons of standard coal. Even if it controls the increment of coal consumption within 100 million tons each year, China will need more than 4.2 billion tons of standard coal by 2020. Achieving industrial modernization will be impossible if China follows the old path of development.
Third, the proportion of investment, consumption and export remains imbalanced. China has traditionally relied on investment and exports for economic development. Investment grew 25.5 percent each year on average during the 11th Five-Year Plan(2006-10), resulting in price surges of energy and raw materials, heavy local debt and excess production capacity in certain industries. Back then, exports contributed 50-60 percent to economic growth, making China’s economy vulnerable to international fluctuations.
Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the world economy has been undergoing tremendous changes. Li said it is without doubt
that the Chinese economy will continue to be prosperous in spite of domestic or international obstacles. But he warned of a more complicated and serious industrial development situation.
Internationally, the world economy will continue to be unstable for a long time. The economic downturn in European and American countries would to some extent hamper the world economic recovery. Global investment, consumption and international trade might stay at a relatively low level. Potential risks of the European and American debt crisis cannot be overlooked. World economic recovery will be long and much more effort is needed if any form of prosperity is to be attained. Economic takeoff in developed economies needs a fundamental structural change and will be spurred by new growth engines.
However, the “re-industrialization” idea proposed by the United States and some European countries has not been effectively implemented. The development of new energy, low carbon, and new generation of information technology industries is proceeding slowly. “Without major scientific and technological innovation, or without the revitalization of the real economy, developed countries might fall into a prolonged period of depression, which would cripple China’s exports,” said Li.
Domestically, imbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable industrial development remains a major headache. First of all, further expansion of consumption and upgrades of the consumption structure face a lot of restrictions. Urbanization remains the inner push for China’s economic growth. But urbanization is confronted with a number of obstacles such as the rise of living expenses, employment pressure, increasing gap between urban and rural incomes and the imperfect social guarantee system. Second, China’s traditional comparative advantage is being dented due to the skyrocketing prices of land, labor, raw material and fuel. In addition, carbon emission reduction requests will put pressure on China’s economic and social development. Third, structural problems, such as excess capacity and outdated capacity in certain industries, still exist. The slow development of the scale of economy, backward development of a productive service industry and improper industrial production arrangements are haunting economic development. Those are the major barriers clogging China’s industrial development.
“Internal and external conditions for the demand structure, production cost and international trade are making rapid changes. Speeding up industrial restructuring and pushing forward economic structure readjustment have become the most important strategic choice for China,” said Li. “If we fail to adapt to the new round of global technology reform and industrial restruc- turing, we may lose the new development opportunity.”
No easy task
China should consider the following questions before it takes on a major change in economic development. How to turn the past extensive development mode into an efficiency-oriented intensive one? How can China develop an economy led by innovation and efficiency? How can Chinese companies adapt themselves to the restructuring?
Gu Qiang, Deputy Director of the Planning Department of MIIT, said the top priority is to make breakthroughs in core technology.
“Even though it takes a long time, achieving technology innovation and breakthroughs is the core of the industrial upgrade,” said Gu.
Gu said the green industry should be the major power driving economic growth. At present, the world economic slowdown makes export expansion a mission impossible. In the meantime, although domestic consumption is making an increasing contribution to economic development, an excess reliance on consumption for economic growth is not a good way either.
“I believe our economy should be driven by green technology and our economic growth should be achieved in a greener way,” said Gu.
Gu said in terms of carbon emission reduction and energy conservation, the government has made proper regulations. Green does not refer to emission reduction only, as the reduction itself may spur emergence of new industries. For instance, in cloud calculation, the most important part is energy conservation.
Li of the CFIE said China should increase support to technology innovation in emerging industries, building up a number of high-level technology innovation infrastructure and speeding up industrialization of new technologies.
China should also focus on new ways of doing business by promoting professional services and valueadded services. New channels and platforms must be built for new industrial products to enter into the market.
Li said the development of the service industry that promotes industrial restructuring and upgrading should be given enough attention so that it may provide strong support to industrial restructuring. The service industry may include industrial design, modern logistics, information service, software industry, science and technology management consultancy and business process outsourcing.