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目的分析宁波市学校水痘暴发疫情的流行特征,评估水痘疫苗的接种效果。方法对宁波市2012—2013年学校报告的水痘暴发疫情资料进行描述性分析,调查部分学校学生免疫史并评价水痘疫苗效果。结果2012—2013年共报告学校水痘暴发疫情10起,均发生在小学,累计发病254例,罹患率为2.16%。暴发时间集中在11月,平均发病年龄为(8.55±1.81)岁。单因素分析显示,水痘疫苗对水痘发病存在统计关联(P<0.05),其保护效果指数为82.37%(95%CI:60.24%~92.18%);控制年龄后,水痘疫苗亦具有保护作用,其OR值为0.13(95%CI:0.05~0.34),保护效果指数为87.25%(95%CI:66.22%~95.21%)。结论水痘暴发疫情主要发生在小学,水痘疫苗具有一定的保护作用,应提高适龄儿童水痘疫苗接种率,以控制学校暴发疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox outbreaks in Ningbo and to evaluate the vaccination effect of chickenpox vaccines. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of varicella outbreaks reported by schools in Ningbo from 2012 to 2013. The school immunization history of some students was investigated and the effect of varicella vaccine was evaluated. Results A total of 10 outbreaks of schoolchildren’s chickenpox were reported in 2012-2013 in primary schools, with a cumulative incidence of 254 cases and an attack rate of 2.16%. Outbreaks concentrated in November, the average age of onset was (8.55 ± 1.81) years. Univariate analysis showed that the varicella vaccine had a statistically significant association with the incidence of chickenpox (P <0.05), and its protective effect index was 82.37% (95% CI: 60.24% -92.18%). After controlling for age, the chickenpox vaccine also had a protective effect. OR was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.05-0.34), and the protective effect index was 87.25% (95% CI: 66.22% -95.21%). Conclusions The outbreak of chickenpox mainly occurs in primary school. The chickenpox vaccine has a certain protective effect. The vaccination rate of chickenpox should be raised in school-age children in order to control the school outbreak.