本文拟从国家创新体系的角度重新审视唯物史观的历史合理性、理论限度和发展的可能形式。我们主要思考了三个问题 :从物质生产力范畴到创新性生产力范畴的转换问题 ;从经济基础—上层建筑的形态论分析到企业—政府—大学—研究机构—市场组织等的个体分析的转换问题 ;从决定论的关系模式到合力论的关系模式的转换问题 This article intends to re-examine the historical rationality, the theoretical limit and the possible forms of development of the historical materialism from the perspective of the national innovation system. We mainly think about three issues: the transformation from the category of material productivity to the category of innovative productive forces; the conversion from the economic base to the morphological analysis of the superstructure to the individual analysis of the enterprise-government-university-research institution-market organization ; From the determinism of the relationship model to the question of the conversion of the relationship model