学生的学习动机和兴趣的形成,受外部动机的影响很大。影响外部动机的有效方法,就是教学过程中经常运用的表扬和批评。一般我们把这种方法叫做“强化”。操作条件反射学说的创始人斯金纳认为,强化是塑造行为的重要手段,要保持行为的强度就要进行强化。实践证明,表扬是一种积极的强化。正处于生长发育旺盛时期的学生,他们爱活动,特别是通过活动得到身心满足是他们这一年龄阶段的一大特点。但是,大部分学生对体育知识缺乏了解,身体素质和运动技能较差,独立 Students’ learning motivation and interest formation are greatly influenced by external motivation. An effective way to influence external motivation is to recognize and criticize frequently used in the teaching process. Generally, we call this method “enhancement”. Skinner, the founder of the theory of conditioned-operation reflexology, believes that strengthening is an important means of shaping behavior, and the intensity of behavior must be strengthened. Practice has proved that praise is a positive reinforcement. Students who are in a period of high growth and development who love their activities, especially their physical and mental fulfillment through activities, are a major feature of their age. However, most of the students lack of understanding of sports knowledge, poor physical fitness and motor skills, independence