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异源多倍体化是植物进化的重要因素之一.棉属植物有四个栽培种,即草棉(Gossypium. herbaceum)2n=2x=20、亚洲棉(G.arboreum)2n=2x=26、陆地棉(G.hirsutum)2n=4x=52、海岛棉(G.barbadense)2n=4x=52.其中四倍体栽培种是由两个二倍体棉种通过种间杂交、自然加倍而来的.四倍体栽培种在生长势、抗逆性以及农艺性状等方面均比二倍体栽培种优越.但是,随着倍性的增加,这种优越性具有一定的限度.因此,研究棉属植物最适染色体倍性,在棉花遗传理论研究与育种实践中,均具有重要意义.
Heterotrophic polyploidization is one of the important factors in the evolution of plants .There are four cultivars of Gossypium, that is, 2n = 2x = 20 for Gossypium herbaceum, 2n = 2x = 26 for G.arboreum Ghirsutum 2n = 4x = 52, G.barbadense 2n = 4x = 52, in which tetraploid cultivars are naturally doubled by interspecific hybridization between two diploid cotton species The tetraploid cultivars are superior to diploid cultivars in terms of growth vigor, stress resistance and agronomic traits, etc. However, with the increase of ploidy, this advantage has some limitations.Therefore, Cotton plants the most suitable ploidy in the genetic theory of cotton breeding and breeding practice, are of great significance.