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深基坑工程是开挖深度超过5m(含5m)的基坑(槽)的土方开挖、支护、降水工程,它既是涵盖岩土工程、结构工程、工程施工和工程监测等多学科的综合性学科,也是一门在不断发展中的学科。基坑工程最早可以追溯到远古时代,那时人们为了生存的需要而进行土体开挖,主要是采用放坡开挖或者采用木桩进行简易支护开挖,开挖的深度也很有限,随着人类文明的进步和科技发展的日新月异,特别是18世纪英国工业革命至今,人类对于地下空间需求和认识改变不断进步促进基坑工程多方面的发展,从而产生大量的深基坑工程。
The deep foundation pit project is a earthwork excavation, support and precipitation project of a foundation pit (trench) with an excavation depth of more than 5m (including 5m). It is a multidisciplinary project covering geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, engineering construction and engineering monitoring Comprehensive disciplines, but also a constantly developing discipline. The excavation project can be traced back to the ancient times at the earliest time. At that time, people carried out excavation of soil in order to survive. The excavation was mainly carried out by grading excavation or using wooden piles for excavation and excavation. The excavation depth was also very limited, With the progress of human civilization and the rapid development of science and technology, especially from the Industrial Revolution in England in the 18th century till today, mankind has made many changes in the demand and understanding of underground space to promote the development of various aspects of the foundation pit project, resulting in a large number of deep foundation pit projects.