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目的:分析学龄期消瘦儿童的人体成分特点、膳食摄入及维生素D状况，为其提供个体化饮食干预及营养素补充提供依据。方法:选取2019年9—12月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院临床营养科门诊就诊的6~10岁消瘦儿童作为观察对象，检测人体成分及维生素D浓度，进行膳食调查及评估。采用回顾性病例对照研究，正态分布的计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本n t检验。两个变量间的关系采用Pearson相关分析法。等级资料的比较采用秩和检验。n 结果:研究对象共60例，其中男生30例，女生30例。男生无机盐百分比（6.81±0.37）%高于女生（6.37±0.59）%，差异有统计学意义（n t=7.75，n P=0.009）。与同年龄同性别正常儿童的体成分目标值相比较，脂肪含量男生［（2.39±1.25）kg与（4.20±0.95）kg，n t=43.05，n P<0.001］、女生［（2.66±1.20）kg与（4.91±1.41）kg，n t=59.87，n P<0.001］；肌肉含量男生［（17.35±3.23）kg与（21.57±4.94）kg，n t=16.89，n P<0.001］、女生［（17.69±3.03）kg与（21.79±4.36）kg，n t=20.97，n P<0.001］；总水分含量男生［（13.54±2.52）kg与（16.80±3.86）kg，n t=16.51，n P<0.001］、女生［（13.82±2.36）kg与（16.96±3.40）kg，n t=20.20，n P<0.001］；蛋白质含量男生［（3.58±0.67）kg与（4.51±1.04）kg，n t=18.68，n P<0.001］、女生［（3.65±0.63）kg与（4.55±0.92）kg，n t=24.55，n P<0.001］；无机盐含量男生［（1.42±0.25）kg与（1.56±0.36）kg，n t=4.28，n P=0.036］）、女生［（1.37±0.27）kg与（1.56±0.30）kg，n t=8.24，n P=0.006］均显著降低。总能量摄入均低于同年龄同性别儿童推荐摄入能量。其中70.00%（42/60）的儿童早餐能量摄入不足，50.00%（30/60）的儿童午餐能量摄入不足，40.00%（24/60）的儿童晚餐能量摄入不足；按照三大营养素摄入能量计算，53.33%（32/60）的儿童摄入碳水化合物不足，50.00%（30/60）的儿童摄入蛋白质不足，58.33%（35/60）的儿童摄入脂肪不足。男生25羟基维生素D含量为（46.95±14.53）nmol/L，女生为（46.41±14.51）nmol/L，均为维生素D不足状态。n 结论:对消瘦儿童进行人体成分及维生素D浓度检测，以更精确地指导饮食及营养素补充，改善营养状况。“,”Objective:To analyze the characteristics of body composition, dietary intake and vitamin D status of school-age wasting children, and to provide evidence for individual dietary intervention and nutrient supplement.Methods:From September to December 2019, we chose wasting children aged 6-10 years old in the nutrition clinic of Beijing Children\'s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and a retrospective case-control study was adopted. To detect body composition and vitamin D level, and conduct dietary survey and assessment. The measurement data of normal distribution were compared by independent sample t-test. The relationship between the two variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Rank sum test was used to compare rank data.Results:A total of 60 subjects were studied, including 30 boys and 30 girls. The percentage of inorganic salt in boys (6.81±0.37)% is higher than that in girls (6.37±0.59)%, the difference was statistically significant (n t=7.75, n P=0.009). Compared with the target values of normal children of the same age and gender, the contents of fat in boys ((2.39±1.25) kg and (4.20±0.95) kg, n t=43.05, n P<0.001), in girls ((2.66±1.20) kg and (4.91±1.41) kg,n t=59.87, n P<0.001); muscle in boys ((17.35±3.23) kg and (21.57±4.94) kg,n t=16.89, n P<0.001), in girls ((17.69±3.03) kg and (21.79±4.36) kg,n t=20.97, n P<0.001); total water in boys ((13.54±2.52) kg and (16.80±3.86) kg,n t=16.51, n P<0.001), in girls ((13.82±2.36) kg and (16.96±3.40) kg,n t=20.20, n P<0.001); protein in boys ((3.58±0.67) kg and (4.51±1.04) kg,n t=18.68, n P<0.001), in girls ((3.65±0.63) kg and (4.55±0.92) kg,n t=24.55, n P<0.001); inorganic salt in boys ((1.42±0.25) kg and (1.56±0.36) kg,n t=4.28, n P=0.036), in girls ((1.37±0.27) kg and (1.56±0.30) kg, n t=8.24, n P=0.006) were all significantly reduced. The total energy intake of all the children were lower than the recommended intake for children of the same age and gender. Among them, 70.00%(42/60) of children had insufficient energy intake for breakfast, 50.00% (30/60) for lunch and 40.00%(24/60) for dinner. In terms of energy intake of three macronutrients, 53.33%(32/60) of children were deficient in carbohydrate, 50.00%(30/60) in protein and 58.33%(35/60) in fat. The mean content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was (46.95±14.53) nmol/L in male and (46.41±14.51) nmol/L in female, all of them had Vitamin Dinsufficiency.n Conclusion:Wasting children should be tested for body composition and vitamin D levels, to get individualized dietary instruction and nutrient supplementation, and improve nutritional status.