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【目的】了解茌平县学龄前儿童气质特点及其影响因素。【方法】采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取茌平县城镇和农村4所幼儿园共1 000名儿童,应用《3~7岁儿童气质测查问卷》和自编一般情况问卷调查。分析茌平县学龄前儿童气质特点及其影响因素。【结果】在气质维度方面,该市儿童和常模组在9个维度上均有差异;男童和女童在活动水平、反应强度、持久性和注意分散四个维度上存在差异;不同年龄组儿童除在活动水平和趋避性上无差异外,其他七个维度均存在差异。在气质类型上,该市儿童和常模组、不同年龄组儿童在五个气质类型间的分布不同;而男童和女童在气质类型的分布上无差异。父亲职业、母亲受教育程度、家庭类型、教育方法、儿童和父母关系、入托时间等均是影响儿童气质的因素。【结论】茌平县学龄前儿童各气质维度和气质类型在性别和年龄间具有不同程度的差异;儿童气质受家庭环境的影响较大。
【Objective】 To understand the characteristics and influential factors of preschool children’s temperament in Chiping County. 【Method】 A total of 1 000 children from 4 kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Chiping County were selected by cluster random sampling method. The Questionnaire for Children’s Temperament between 3 and 7 Years and Self-made General Questionnaire were used. Analysis of Chiping County preschoolers temperament and its influencing factors. 【Results】 There were differences in 9 dimension between children and norm in the temperament dimension. There were differences in boys and girls in the four dimensions of activity level, reaction intensity, persistence and distraction. Children in addition to activity level and avoidability no difference, the other seven dimensions are different. In terms of temperament types, the distribution of temperament types among children and norm groups in this city and children of different age groups differed among the five temperament types. There was no difference in temperament types between boys and girls. Father’s occupation, mother’s education level, family type, education method, relationship between children and parents, and childcare time are the factors influencing children’s temperament. 【CONCLUSION】 The temperament and temperament types of preschool children in Chiping County have different degrees of difference in gender and age. Children’s temperament is greatly influenced by family environment.