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探索原子核的电荷与质量极限,合成长寿命超重核是当前原子核物理研究的重要前沿问题之一。本文综述了我们近几年在超重原子核结构性质与合成机制方面取得的理论研究进展。在结构性质方面,利用处理对关联的粒子数守恒方法,基于推转壳模型,系统研究了锕系核与超镄核低激发谱,发展了多维形状约束的协变密度泛函理论并用于研究锕系核势能面和裂变位垒以及N=150同中子素中的非轴对称八极关联等。在超重核合成机制方面,系统研究了利用重离子熔合反应合成超重核的三步过程,包括俘获过程——提出了一个位垒穿透概率新公式、熔合过程——提出了一个基于动力学形变势能面的双核模型、存活过程——系统研究了激发态超重复合核存活概率等。系统研究了合成超重核的热熔合反应,得到的熔合蒸发截面与实验符合,并预言了合成119和120号超重元素的生成截面。
To explore the charge and mass limits of nuclei, the synthesis of long-lived overweight nuclei is one of the most important frontier issues in current nuclear physics research. This review summarizes the theoretical progress we have made in recent years on the nature and mechanism of the structure of super-heavy nuclei. In terms of the structural properties, covariance density functional theory (DFT) of multi-dimensional shape constraint and low-excitation spectra of actinide nucleus and hyperbranched nucleus was systematically studied by using the method of conservation of associated particle numbers. Actinide nuclear potential surface and fission barrier and N = 150 neutrinos in the non-axisymmetric octupole and so on. In the field of overweight nucleosynthesis, the three-step process of synthesizing overweight nuclei by heavy ion fusion reaction has been systematically studied, including the capture process. A new formula of penetration probability of barrier has been proposed. The fusion process has been put forward. Based on the kinetic deformation Dual-core model of potential energy surface and survival process - The survival probability of excited super-complex nuclei has been studied systematically. The heat fusion reaction of the synthesized superheavy nuclei was systematically studied. The fusion cross section was in good agreement with the experimental data, and the formation cross sections of the superhydrophone elements 119 and 120 were predicted.