论文部分内容阅读
在中国古代,政府购买的根本目的是通过市场交换保障国家自身的消费需求,同时也附带了扶助农业、惠及农民等社会经济功能,这个功能应是历代奉行的“重农”政策的一项重要内容。在实际执行中,农民确能从政府购买中获得某些助益,如有利于扩大农产品、手工业产品的销售市场,有利于解决农民生产中的资金短缺问题,有利于缓解农民的运输负担等。但由于强制征购的肆虐,不少交易实质上变成了赋税之外的又一层无偿半无偿的剥削,使政府购买对于农民经济造成了严重摧残,尤以贫困农民受害最重。
In ancient China, the basic purpose of government purchase was to safeguard the country’s own consumer demand through market exchange, and at the same time, social and economic functions such as supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers were attached to it. This function should be an important one in the policy of “focusing on agriculture” content. In actual implementation, the peasants did gain some help from the government purchase, such as expanding the sales market for agricultural and handicraft products, helping to solve the problem of shortage of funds in the production of peasants, and easing the peasants’ transportation burden. However, due to the raging of forced procurement, many transactions have in fact become another layer of gratuitous exploitation at a cost other than taxation. As a result, the government purchase has caused serious devastation to the peasant economy, especially the poor peasants.