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一传统的国际贸易理论把比较优势归因于成本差异、要素禀赋差异、经济规模差异、产品生命周期等。由于服务贸易不同于货物贸易的诸多特点,决定服务贸易的比较优势与货物贸易不同,服务贸易的比较优势主要是以人力资本为基础的,而人力资本相比其他要素具有更大的流动性和不稳定性,因此,服务贸易的比较优势是动态的,要想赢得长期的发展,必须将比较优势转化为竞争优势。
A traditional theory of international trade attributed comparative advantages to differences in costs, differences in factor endowments, differences in economies of scale, and product life cycle. Because service trade is different from many features of goods trade, the comparative advantages of service trade and goods trade are different. The comparative advantage of service trade is mainly based on human capital, while human capital has more liquidity than other factors. Therefore, the comparative advantage of service trade is dynamic. To win the long-term development, the comparative advantage must be transformed into a competitive advantage.