世纪之交,西方史学发生了两次重要转折。一次是20世纪70年代以后后现代主义的出场,它催生了新史学分支学科和新研究视角的出现,这些新学科包括:历史人类学、微观史学、女性主义史学、后殖民主义史学以及环境史等;90年代前后,冷战的结束、苏联的解体、全球化在经济和移民方 At the turn of the century, two important changes occurred in Western historiography. This is the appearance of post-modernism after the 1970s. It has spawned the emergence of branches of new historiography and new research perspectives. These new disciplines include: historical anthropology, micro-history, feminist historiography, post-colonial historiography As well as the history of the environment. Before and after the 1990s, the end of the Cold War, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the globalization of the economy and immigration