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1840年,英国侵略者悍然发动了鸦片战争。从此,中国一步一步地变成了半殖民地、半封建社会。 历史上,我国各族人民在长期的生产斗争和阶级斗争中,不断加强政治、经济、文化等方面的联系,共同创造了祖国的光辉历史和灿烂文化,尤其在科学技术上为人类做出过杰出贡献。但由于长期处于封建社会,明朝中叶以后,经济、科技等方面逐渐落后于西方。特别是在19世纪之后,欧美资本主义国家的经济迅猛发展,国力大大增强。西方与中国,生产力发展一快一慢,国力对比一强一弱,落后就要挨打,闭关自守的中国被迫与西方强盗打交道。
In 1840, the British invaders brazenly launched the Opium War. Since then, China has gradually become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Historically, the people of all nationalities in our country have continuously strengthened their political, economic and cultural ties during the long-term struggle for production and class struggle and jointly created the glorious history and splendid culture of the motherland, especially for mankind in science and technology Outstanding contribution. However, due to being in a feudal society for a long time, the economy, science and technology lagged behind the western countries gradually after the mid-Ming Dynasty. Especially after the 19th century, the economies of capitalist countries in Europe and the United States have developed rapidly and their national power has greatly increased. In the West and in China, the development of productivity is fast and slow, the national strength is weaker and weaker, the backwardness is beaten, and the self-retreating China is forced to deal with western bandits.