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对噪声的物理度量是一种客观的度量。为了确切表征人对声音的主观感受,必须对噪声作出主观评价。频谱是对噪声特征的描述。一、响度和响度级1.响度级声压和声压级是衡量声音强弱的物理量。声压级高,声音强;声压级低,声音弱。但是,人对声音的感觉不仅与声压有关,也与频率有关。声压级相同,但频率不同的声音,人耳会听出不同的响度。为了描述人耳对外界声音强弱的感受程度,引进响度级的概念。响度级的单位是方(phon),是与声压级相仿的相对量。
The physical measure of noise is an objective measure. In order to accurately represent people’s subjective feelings of sound, we must make a subjective assessment of the noise. The spectrum is a description of the noise characteristics. First, loudness and loudness level 1. Loudness level Sound pressure and sound pressure level is a measure of the physical strength of sound. High sound pressure level, strong sound; low sound pressure level, weak sound. However, people’s perception of sound is not only related to sound pressure but also to frequency. The same sound pressure level, but the frequency of different sounds, the human ear will hear different loudness. In order to describe how the human ear feels to the sound of the outside world, the concept of loudness level is introduced. The unit of loudness is phon and is a relative amount similar to the sound pressure level.