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目的探讨大鼠弥漫性颅脑损伤后病理学变化规律及意义。方法成年健康SD雄性大鼠100只,以自由落体法建立大鼠弥漫性颅脑损伤模型,随机平均分为对照组及外伤后1h、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、7d和14d等10组,检测大鼠脑组织含水量并观察脑组织中炎症反应、毛细血管和神经元的结构变化。结果外伤后脑皮层组织含水量呈上升趋势,3h含水量有较大幅度升高,24h达高峰,其后下降,14d时仍处于较高水平,伤后6、12、24、48和72h组与对照组相比,脑组织含水量明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。脑组织炎症反应、毛细血管和神经元结构变化与脑水肿变化相平行。结论弥漫性颅脑损伤后发生缺血、缺氧,导致微循环障碍,最终血-脑屏障结构破坏,神经细胞的代谢活动紊乱,使脑组织发生继发性脑损伤。弥漫性颅脑损伤后脑水肿是造成继发性脑损伤病理学变化的基础。
Objective To investigate the pathological changes and its significance after diffuse brain injury in rats. Methods 100 adult SD male rats were randomly divided into control group and 1h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 7d and 14d after trauma And other 10 groups. The water content of rat brain tissue was measured and the inflammatory reaction, the structure changes of capillaries and neurons in brain tissue were observed. Results The water content of cerebral cortex tissue showed an upward trend after 3 hours of trauma. The water content increased sharply at 3 hours and peaked at 24 hours, then decreased and remained relatively high at 14 days. At 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injury, Compared with the control group, the water content of brain tissue was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Brain tissue inflammatory response, capillary and neuronal structure changes in parallel with changes in brain edema. Conclusions After diffuse craniocerebral injury, ischemia and hypoxia lead to microcirculation disturbance, finally the structure of blood-brain barrier is destroyed, the metabolic activity disorder of nerve cells is disrupted, and secondary brain injury occurs in brain tissue. Brain edema after diffuse craniocerebral injury is the basis for the pathological changes of secondary brain injury.