花粉病可累及10～15％的人口。早已知H_1抗组胺剂对枯草热是一种有效的治疗。最近又有两种新药可用,即terfenadine和astemizole。均无过去制剂的镇静和抗胆硷能的副作用。虽然两者都是H_1受体的有效拮抗剂,但在药物动力学上都有所不同。Terfenadine的怍用发挥和消失均较快,故较适于间歇性发作的对症治疗。若用于预防,可用60mg,每日两次。Astemizole由于从肝的溶酶体中缓慢释放,并与H_1受体形成几不可逆的结合,所以发挥药效较慢,半衰期亦较长,可达19天。虽然astemizole的最大药效发挥较慢,但如加大剂量可在某种程度上克服此缺陷,它最好用于维持性治疗,不宜临时使用。许多患者使用H_1拮抗剂可收到相当成效,主要对控制喷嚏、鼻溢液和结膜炎有效,而对鼻阻效果较差。如有鼻阻存在,则考虑加用类固醇吸入。类固醇对鼻腔的抗炎作用表现在对肥大细胞在粘膜的聚集、新形成介质的产生和白细胞趋化性的抑制,从而限制 Pollen disease can affect 10 to 15% of the population. H 1 antihistamines have long been known to be an effective treatment of hay fever. Two more new drugs are available recently, terfenadine and astemizole. No sedative and anticholinergic side effects of previous formulations. Although both are potent antagonists of the H 1 receptor, they differ in pharmacokinetics. Terfenadine use and disappear play faster, it is more suitable for intermittent episodes of symptomatic treatment. If used for prevention, available 60mg twice daily. Astemizole slow release from the liver lysosome, and H_1 receptor with the formation of several irreversible combination, so play a slower efficacy, longer half-life, up to 19 days. Although the maximum potency of astemizole is slower, it may be best used for maintenance treatment and should not be used on a temporary basis, for example if the dose is increased to a certain extent overcome this deficiency. Many patients receiving H-1 antagonists receive good results, primarily effective in controlling sneezing, rhinorrhea and conjunctivitis, while having poor nasal resistance. If there is nasal resistance, consider adding steroid inhalation. The anti-inflammatory effects of steroids on the nasal cavity are manifested in the inhibition of mast cell aggregation in the mucosa, the formation of a newly formed mediator, and the chemotaxis of leukocytes, thus limiting