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为明确不同施氮量对新疆冬小麦冠层结构特征及其群体内部光、温变化的影响,于2013—2015年连续2个冬小麦生长周期,在大田滴灌条件下,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,共设置了0(N_0),94.5(N_1),180(N_2),240(N_3),300(N_4)和360kg/hm~2(N_5)6个施氮肥处理,研究了施氮量对冬小麦茎型特征,叶垂直分布及其形态特征,冠层光、温变化规律的影响。结果表明:与N_0处理相比,增施氮肥冬小麦叶片的长、宽及叶片总面积均显著增加。随着施氮量的增加,各叶层LAI、各节间长度和节间粗度均呈“先增后减”的趋势,株高变幅为71.83~85.88cm(2014年)和70.56~85.18cm(2015年);冠层中、下部的透光率和冠层温度均呈“先降后增”的趋势。各处理冠层温度日变化呈“凸”型曲线,均在15:00左右达到峰值,其值以N_3处理最低。2年试验产量均以N_3处理最高,为8 653.22(2013年)和8 415.20kg/hm~2(2014年),分别较同年N_0、N_1、N_2、N_4和N_5处理增产68.01%、32.39%、17.92%、5.34%、10.69%和67.39%、30.81%、19.31%、4.20%、11.49%。本试验条件下,施氮量控制在240kg/hm~2左右,滴灌冬小麦叶型、株型特征良好,冠层光、温适宜,有利于获得高产。
In order to clarify the effects of different nitrogen rates on the canopy structure and light and temperature changes of winter wheat in Xinjiang, two winter wheat growth cycles were conducted in 2013-2015. Under the condition of drip irrigation, single-factor randomized block design A total of six nitrogen fertilizers including 0 (N_0), 94.5 (N_1), 180 (N_2), 240 (N_3), 300 (N_4) and 360kg / hm ~ 2 (N_5) Stem pattern, leaf vertical distribution and its morphological characteristics, canopy light and temperature. The results showed that compared with N_0 treatment, the length, width and total leaf area of winter wheat increased significantly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, LAI, internode length and internode thickness of all leaf layers showed the trend of “first increasing and then decreasing”, and the variation of plant height was 71.83 ~ 85.88cm (2014) and 70.56 ~ 85.18cm (2015). The light transmittance and canopy temperature in the middle and lower canopy all showed the trend of “decreasing firstly and then increasing”. The diurnal variation of canopy temperature showed “convex ” curve, reaching the peak around 15:00, and its value was the lowest in N_3 treatment. Compared with the treatments of N_0, N_1, N_2, N_4 and N_5 in the same year, yield increased by 68.01% and 32.39%, respectively, compared with the same period of the same year, with the highest N_3 output of 8 653.22 (2013) and 8 415.20 kg / 17.92%, 5.34%, 10.69% and 67.39%, 30.81%, 19.31%, 4.20% and 11.49% respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the amount of nitrogen application was controlled at about 240kg / hm ~ 2. The leaf type and plant type of drip irrigation were good, and the light and temperature of canopy were suitable for high yield.