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通过2011和2012年2年田间试验研究了“蚕豆-玉米”、“小麦-甘薯”、“小麦-大豆”3种两熟轮作体系和“小麦/玉米/甘薯”、“小麦/玉米/大豆”2种三熟套作体系的产量、小麦玉米磷素积累分配及磷利用效率的变化。结果表明:三熟套作具有明显的产量优势,小麦/玉米、玉米/大豆和玉米/甘薯的土地当量比(LER)分别为1.79、1.51、1.62,小麦/玉米/大豆、小麦/玉米/甘薯周年体系的LER平均分别为2.13、2.32,与同面积单作相比,两体系周年作物产量分别提高了12.5%和31.5%。小麦、玉米产量套作比单作分别高30.3%、12.3%,而大豆和甘薯产量在套作与单作间无显著差异。套作较单作显著提高了小麦和玉米的地上部磷素吸收总量、籽粒磷积累量、磷肥偏生产力,小麦分别提高34.3%、39.3%、29.1%,玉米分别提高11.1%、19.8%、12.4%。玉米磷收获指数套作比轮作平均高7.8%。套作促进了小麦、玉米磷营养从营养器官向籽粒的转运分配。表明三熟套作相对两熟轮作(单作)能显著提高周年产量,促进小麦、玉米对磷素的吸收利用,一定程度提高了磷肥利用效率。
The field trials of “Broad bean - corn”, “Wheat - sweet potato”, “Wheat - soybean” and “Wheat / corn / sweet potato” , “Wheat / corn / soybean” two kinds of three intercropping system of wheat yield and phosphorus accumulation and distribution of wheat and phosphorus use efficiency changes. The results showed that there was obvious yield superiority in three-line intercropping. The LER of wheat / maize, corn / soybean and sweet potato were 1.79, 1.51 and 1.62 respectively, and the wheat / corn / soybean, wheat / corn / The average LER of the annual system was 2.13 and 2.32, respectively. Compared with the same area, the annual crop yields of the two systems increased by 12.5% and 31.5% respectively. The yield of wheat and maize was 30.3% and 12.3% higher than that of monocropping respectively, while the yield of soybean and sweet potato was no significant difference between intercropping and monoculture. Compared with single cropping, the total P uptake of wheat and maize increased significantly by 34.3%, 39.3% and 29.1%, respectively, and increased by 11.1% and 19.8%, respectively. 12.4%. The maize phosphorus harvesting rate was 7.8% higher on average than the rotation. The intercropping promoted the translocation and distribution of phosphorus and phosphorus from vegetative organs to grains in wheat and maize. The results showed that the relative double crop rotation (single cropping) can improve annual yield remarkably, promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by wheat and maize, and improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer to a certain extent.