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关键词：中国铁路桥梁建设史；钱塘江大桥；公路铁路联合大桥；茅以升；抗战
摘要：由茅以升设计和主持施工的钱塘江大桥是中国现代史和铁路桥梁建设史上具有里程碑意义的大桥。它是中国第一座公路铁路联合大桥，也是中国第一座自行设计和建造的大桥，改变了中国的铁路桥梁建设都由外国人包办的历史。钱塘江大桥极大的便利了中国东南部的交通，而且在中国抗日战争全面爆发后的关键时刻修成通车，运送了大量抗战军用物资、民生物资和人员；89天后为了阻滞日军的进攻，在杭州沦陷的同一天又由中方忍痛将桥炸断，为抗战发挥了特殊重要作用。在大桥修建过程中，实际锻炼和培养了一批桥梁工程技术人员，这些人员不仅在抗战中发挥了积极的作用，后来更成为新中国各地桥梁工程建设的骨干技术人员，为社会主义建设做出了积极贡献。
中图分类号：K264.39文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-4474（2016）03-0001-05
Qiantang River Bridge： A Notable Achievement of Mao Yisheng in the
Resistance War against Japanese Invasion
RAN Mianhui
（School of Marxism， Southwest Jiaotong University， Chengdu， 611756）
Key words： railway bridge construction history in china； Qiantang River Bridge； roadrail combined bridge； Mao Yisheng； War of Resistance against Japanese.
Abstract： Mao Yisheng designed Qiantang River Bridge and supervised its construction. It is a milestone in Chinese modern history and the history of railway bridge construction. As the first combined bridge in China， it is not only the first one independently designed and constructed by Chinese themselves， but also changed the previous history of railway bridges which was dominated by foreigners in China. Qiantang River Bridge facilitated the traffics in southeastern China and contributed to the transportation of a large number of military， livelihood supplies and personnel since it was opened to traffic just at the critical moment when the War against Japanese Invasion broke out. In order to block the Japanese attack， the Chinese bore the pain to blow up the bridge eightnine days after it was built， on the same day when Hangzhou City fell. A number of bridge engineering and technical personnel were trained during the construction of the bridge. They played an active role in the war against Japanese Aggression. After liberation， those engineers and technicians became the backbones of bridge construction across the country.
钱塘江大桥是横垮钱塘江南北两岸的一上一下的双层联合型铁路、公路两用现代化大桥，也是第一座由中国人自行设计和主持施工的大桥。大桥在中国抗日战争全面爆发后的关键时刻修成通车，运送了大量抗战军用物资、民生物资和人员；89天后，为了阻滞日军的进攻，在杭州沦陷的同一天又由中方忍痛将桥炸断，为抗战发挥了特殊重要作用。
钱塘江大桥是在中国现代历史和铁路桥梁建设史上具有里程碑意义的大桥，而设计和主持钱塘江大桥施工的正是中国现代桥梁事业的先驱，西南交通大学杰出校友，与母校同寿，曾先后多次出任唐山交通大学（唐院）校长的茅以升。从1933年8月到1949年9月，茅以升前后16年（其中因抗战曾撤离杭州8年）一直是钱塘江大桥的主持人。在这期间，1938年至1942年4月，茅以升曾兼任交通大学唐山工程学院代院长、院长职务。
一、钱塘江大桥的修建：历经磨难，技术精湛钱塘江，简称钱江，又称浙江、浙河、渐江、曲江、之江、广陵江、罗刹江等。钱塘江之得名，是因杭州在秦代名钱唐，虽经王莽时期短暂易名泉亭，东汉即复名。又由于唐朝时期讳国号，遂将钱唐江更改为钱塘江〔1〕。由于钱塘江横亘，浙江省被分成两半，浙西、浙东之间的交通极为不便，因此钱塘江大桥的修建对浙江省乃至整个华东、华南地区的交通和经济发展、军事运输、政治都有极为重大的影响。
摘要：由茅以升设计和主持施工的钱塘江大桥是中国现代史和铁路桥梁建设史上具有里程碑意义的大桥。它是中国第一座公路铁路联合大桥，也是中国第一座自行设计和建造的大桥，改变了中国的铁路桥梁建设都由外国人包办的历史。钱塘江大桥极大的便利了中国东南部的交通，而且在中国抗日战争全面爆发后的关键时刻修成通车，运送了大量抗战军用物资、民生物资和人员；89天后为了阻滞日军的进攻，在杭州沦陷的同一天又由中方忍痛将桥炸断，为抗战发挥了特殊重要作用。在大桥修建过程中，实际锻炼和培养了一批桥梁工程技术人员，这些人员不仅在抗战中发挥了积极的作用，后来更成为新中国各地桥梁工程建设的骨干技术人员，为社会主义建设做出了积极贡献。
中图分类号：K264.39文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-4474（2016）03-0001-05
Qiantang River Bridge： A Notable Achievement of Mao Yisheng in the
Resistance War against Japanese Invasion
RAN Mianhui
（School of Marxism， Southwest Jiaotong University， Chengdu， 611756）
Key words： railway bridge construction history in china； Qiantang River Bridge； roadrail combined bridge； Mao Yisheng； War of Resistance against Japanese.
Abstract： Mao Yisheng designed Qiantang River Bridge and supervised its construction. It is a milestone in Chinese modern history and the history of railway bridge construction. As the first combined bridge in China， it is not only the first one independently designed and constructed by Chinese themselves， but also changed the previous history of railway bridges which was dominated by foreigners in China. Qiantang River Bridge facilitated the traffics in southeastern China and contributed to the transportation of a large number of military， livelihood supplies and personnel since it was opened to traffic just at the critical moment when the War against Japanese Invasion broke out. In order to block the Japanese attack， the Chinese bore the pain to blow up the bridge eightnine days after it was built， on the same day when Hangzhou City fell. A number of bridge engineering and technical personnel were trained during the construction of the bridge. They played an active role in the war against Japanese Aggression. After liberation， those engineers and technicians became the backbones of bridge construction across the country.
钱塘江大桥是横垮钱塘江南北两岸的一上一下的双层联合型铁路、公路两用现代化大桥，也是第一座由中国人自行设计和主持施工的大桥。大桥在中国抗日战争全面爆发后的关键时刻修成通车，运送了大量抗战军用物资、民生物资和人员；89天后，为了阻滞日军的进攻，在杭州沦陷的同一天又由中方忍痛将桥炸断，为抗战发挥了特殊重要作用。
钱塘江大桥是在中国现代历史和铁路桥梁建设史上具有里程碑意义的大桥，而设计和主持钱塘江大桥施工的正是中国现代桥梁事业的先驱，西南交通大学杰出校友，与母校同寿，曾先后多次出任唐山交通大学（唐院）校长的茅以升。从1933年8月到1949年9月，茅以升前后16年（其中因抗战曾撤离杭州8年）一直是钱塘江大桥的主持人。在这期间，1938年至1942年4月，茅以升曾兼任交通大学唐山工程学院代院长、院长职务。
一、钱塘江大桥的修建：历经磨难，技术精湛钱塘江，简称钱江，又称浙江、浙河、渐江、曲江、之江、广陵江、罗刹江等。钱塘江之得名，是因杭州在秦代名钱唐，虽经王莽时期短暂易名泉亭，东汉即复名。又由于唐朝时期讳国号，遂将钱唐江更改为钱塘江〔1〕。由于钱塘江横亘，浙江省被分成两半，浙西、浙东之间的交通极为不便，因此钱塘江大桥的修建对浙江省乃至整个华东、华南地区的交通和经济发展、军事运输、政治都有极为重大的影响。