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本文阐述并分析了世界各国农作物突变育种所取得的主要成就,包括各种农作物突变新品种的育成和各类突变体的获得。关于农作物突变新品种,分析了各国农作物突变育种的情况和特点;各种农作物的诱变情况;所采用的不同诱变手段以及所改良的性状。关于突变体,介绍了矮杆、早熟、优质、抗病、植物形态及其它特殊性状等六种类型。作者并从诱变育种目标、辐照材料的选择、突变体的间接利用、理化因素复合处理、无性繁殖植物的选育以及诱变与离体生物技术的结合等六个方面,简要讨论了突变育种的发展趋势。
This paper elaborates and analyzes the major achievements of crop mutation breeding in various countries in the world, including the breeding of new mutant varieties of various crops and the obtaining of various kinds of mutants. With regard to new varieties of crop mutation, the situation and characteristics of crop mutation breeding in various countries were analyzed. Mutagenesis of various crops; different mutagenic means used and the traits improved. About mutants, six types of dwarf bars, precocious, high quality, disease resistance, plant morphology and other special traits are introduced. The author briefly discusses the mutations from six aspects, such as mutagenic breeding objectives, selection of irradiation materials, indirect utilization of mutants, composite treatment of physical and chemical factors, breeding of vegetatively propagated plants and combination of mutagenesis and ex vivo biotechnologies Breeding trends.