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当下愈演愈烈的“农业女性化”趋势,实际上是人民公社体制下的一个历史遗产,并与那个时代的农作实践在很多方面一脉相承。文章主要依据对内蒙和陕西两个村落研究的第一手数据,旨在较系统地剖析农田劳作女性化的微观经历并探究其背后的主要影响因素。研究揭示,在人民公社时期,担任大小队干部、占据技术性岗位及从事社队企业等非农劳动的基本上是清一色的男性。从事大田作业的农村妇女人数及其所承担的劳动份额时常超过男性,因而成为一个不争的常态化事实。然而,妇女的农业贡献与其在社会政治领域的劣势形成了鲜明的反差。
The current trend of “feminization of agriculture”, which is intensifying now, is actually a historical heritage under the system of people’s communes and is in many ways in keeping with the practice of farming in that era. Based on the first-hand data of two villages in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, the article aims to systematically analyze the micro-experience of feminization of farm labor and explore the main influencing factors behind it. The study revealed that during the period of the People’s Commune, basically all men who served as cadres of large and small teams, occupied technical posts and engaged in non-agricultural work such as communes and social teams were essentially men. The number of rural women engaged in field operations and the share of their labor often exceed that of men, making it an indisputable normalization fact. However, the agricultural contribution of women contrasts sharply with its disadvantages in the social and political fields.