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骨肉瘤是儿童和成人最常见的骨原发性恶性肿瘤[1-2]。骨肉瘤转移率高,约20%患者初诊时即出现肺转移。80%的转移灶位于肺,且对传统的化疗抵抗[3]。转移性骨肉瘤患者的5年生存率(20%)较病灶局限者(65%)明显下降,大多数患者死于肿瘤转移[4]。转移是恶性肿瘤演进的最后也是最关键的步骤[5]。肿瘤细胞依次完成以下步骤:侵犯宿主的细胞外基质进入到循环系统;在循环系统中存活;逃避宿主免疫系统并逃逸出脉管;黏附并在靶器官微环境中生存;最后在靶器官内诱
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy in children and adults [1-2]. Osteosarcoma metastasis rate is high, about 20% of patients newly diagnosed lung metastasis. Eighty percent of the metastases are located in the lungs and resist traditional chemotherapy [3]. The 5-year survival rate (20%) in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is significantly lower than that in patients with limited disease (65%), and most patients die of tumor metastasis [4]. Metastasis is the last and most crucial step in the evolution of malignancy [5]. The tumor cells in turn perform the following steps: invasion of the host’s extracellular matrix into the circulatory system; survival in the circulatory system; escape from the host’s immune system and escape from the vessel; adhesion and survival in the target organism microenvironment;