机敏材料与结构是近十多年来刚刚在世界上兴起,并迅速发展的构件设计的新颖技术方法。材料的机敏化乃至智能化是材料特别是功能材料发展的必然趋势和要求。机敏材料与结构在航空航天学、电子学、建筑学及医学等方面已有研究和应用,而在摩擦学方面并未受到很多注意。但摩擦学更需要有机敏性的材料和结构,因为摩擦学元素的性质是显著时变和具有很强的系统依赖性的。[1] Smart materials and structures are new technological approaches to the design of components that have just emerged in the world in the last decade or so and are rapidly evolving. Material sensitization and even intellectualization are the inevitable trends and requirements for the development of materials, especially functional materials. Alert materials and structures have been studied and applied in aerospace, electronics, architecture and medicine, and have not received much attention in tribology. But Tribology requires more organically sensitized materials and structures because the tribological elements are significantly time-varying and strongly system dependent. [1]