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一 哲学意义上的“价值”,是一个反映主体对客体的肯定关系的范畴,主体的需要和客体的属性是价值构成的不可缺少的两个方面。价值所表现的这种主客体之间的特定关系,决定了它必须由客观事物的属性与主体的需要两者连接而成。一方面客体的属性是构成价值的客观基础,是价值的物质承担者,它只有在同主体的需要相联系时才具有价值的性质。另一方面,价值又不能脱离客体,主体需要的满足程度,必须求助于外在客体,而不能仅求于主体自身,客体既是满足主体需要的来源,又是限制主体需要满足程度的条件。由此可见,不同主体需要相联系的客观事物本身,并不存在价值有无、大小的问题。把客观事物的属性等同于价值是一种片面的观点。反之,把主体的需要、欲求、志趣看作价值的源泉,否定价值的客观基础和客观性质,更是不正确的。价值的实质是主体的需要和客体的属性的辩证统一。
A “value” in the philosophical sense is a category that reflects the affirmative relationship between the subject and the object. The needs of the subject and the attributes of the object are two indispensable aspects of the formation of value. The specific relationship between the subject and object expressed by value determines that it must be connected by the attributes of objective things and the needs of the subject. On the one hand, the attribute of the object is the objective basis of the formation of value, the material undertaker of value, and only has the property of value when it is related to the subject’s needs. On the other hand, the value can not be separated from the object. The degree of satisfaction of the subject needs to resort to the external object, not to the subject itself. The object is not only the source of satisfying the subject’s needs, but also the condition of limiting the degree of satisfaction of the subject. Thus, different subjects need to be associated with the objective things themselves, there is no value of the size of the problem. Equating the attributes of objective things with values is a one-sided view. On the contrary, it is incorrect to regard the subject’s needs, desires and interests as the source of value and the objective and objective qualities of negative values. The essence of value is the dialectical unity of the needs of the subject and the attributes of the object.