论文部分内容阅读
研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦光合性能及产量的影响,为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,进行土柱试验,研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及产量的影响。试验设2水分处理、3施磷处理和2品种处理,水分设上下土层均充分供水(W1)和上干下湿(0~30 cm土层干旱胁迫,30~60 cm土层充分供水)(W2)2种水分处理,施磷设不施磷(CK)和施磷于0~30 cm(SP)和30~60 cm(DP)土层3种处理,供试冬小麦品种选用水分敏感型(小偃22)和抗旱型(长旱58)2个品种。从不同品种看,长旱58产量均显著高于小偃22(P<0.05);从不同水分处理看,与充分供水相比,在水分供应不足时,小偃22的SPAD值、Pn、Tr及产量均明显降低,长旱58的产量则明显增加;2个品种的SPAD值、Pn、Tr和产量均表现为施磷处理显著高于不施磷的对照处理(CK)(P<0.05)。施磷位置对冬小麦光合性能和产量的影响因土壤水分和品种不同而异,在水分供应充足时,深层施磷不利于提高生育后期(孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期)SPAD值、Pn、Tr及产量;而在水分供应不足时,深层施磷能够明显提高上述指标,对抗旱性较强品种更加显著。本试验结果表明,在土壤水份供应不足条件下,磷肥深施有利于提高冬小麦光合性能及产量,抗旱性较强品种效果更为明显。
The effects of water supply and phosphorus application on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat were studied to provide some theoretical and practical evidence to guide phosphorus application in dryland. Soil samples were taken from paddy soil manure soil as test soil, and soil column was used to study the effect of phosphorus application on the SPAD value, photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and yield of winter wheat. In the experiment, 2 treatments of water, 3 treatments of phosphorus and 2 treatments were conducted. The upper and lower soil layers were fully supplied with water (W1) and upper and lower layers (0-30 cm soil layer under drought stress and 30-60 cm soil layer) (W2), three treatments of no phosphorus (CK) and phosphorus application on 0-30 cm (SP) and 30-60 cm (DP) soil layers were carried out for phosphorus application in winter wheat cultivars with water-sensitive (Xiaoyan 22) and drought-resistant type (Changhan 58) 2 varieties. From different varieties, the yield of Changhan 58 was significantly higher than that of Xiaoyan 22 (P <0.05). Compared with the adequate water supply, when the water supply was insufficient, the SPAD value, Pn, Tr of Xiaoyan 22 The yield of Changhan 58 significantly increased. The SPAD value, Pn, Tr and yield of the two cultivars were significantly higher than those of CK (P <0.05) . The effect of phosphorus application on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat varies with soil moisture and variety. When enough water is supplied, deep application of phosphorus is not conducive to increasing the SPAD value in the later growth period (booting, flowering and filling), Pn, Tr And yield. In the case of insufficient water supply, the deep application of phosphorus could obviously improve the above indexes, and the stronger drought-tolerant varieties were more significant. The results showed that under the conditions of insufficient supply of soil moisture, the deep application of P fertilizer was beneficial to improve the photosynthetic performance and yield of winter wheat, and the effect of more drought-resistant varieties was more obvious.