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对弱智儿童来说,穿衣服是比较困难的生活自理能力之一,一般要到六七岁甚至更大一些才能开始训练。而且,训练首先要求孩子能够听懂成人的语言,否则无法进行。衣服包括:上衣、裤子、鞋和袜子。训练弱智儿童做这些活动时应该先教脱,后教穿。脱衣服比较容易,而穿衣服难度很大。刚开始教时,给弱智儿童准备的衣裤尺寸应该稍大一些。上衣最好不是套头衫,而是前边系扣的开衫。等儿童学会穿开衫后,再教他穿套头衫。由于脱衣服比较容易,大多数弱智儿童经过示范,讲解都能够学会。穿衣服则比较难,在这里做重点介绍。教弱智儿童脱衣服和教弱智儿童用勺吃饭一样,有正向和反向两种方法。反向法适合智力落后程度较重一些的孩子。两种方法教的顺序不一样,但都需要将整套动作进行细致的拆分。这里以难度较大的穿套头上衣为例,我们可以把整个穿衣的动作分解为七步来教。
For mentally handicapped children, wearing clothes is one of the more difficult self-care skills, and it generally takes six or seven years or more to start training. Moreover, training first requires that children understand the language of adults or they can not proceed. Clothes include: tops, pants, shoes and socks. Training mentally handicapped children to do these activities should be taught off, after teaching. It’s easier to take off your clothes and wear them very hard. At the beginning of teaching, the size of underwear for mentally handicapped children should be slightly larger. Blouse is not the best pullover, but the front buckle cardigan. After children learn to wear cardigans, teach him to wear pullovers. As the undressing is easier, most mentally handicapped children can learn by demonstrating and explaining. Dress is more difficult to do here to highlight. Teach mentally handicapped children to undress and teach mentally handicapped children eat the same spoon, there are two ways forward and reverse. The reverse method is suitable for children with more severe mental retardation. The two methods do not teach in the same sequence, but all require a detailed breakdown of the entire set of actions. Here is a more difficult to wear a hoodie, for example, we can break down the entire clothing movement into seven steps to teach.