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《马氏文通》是我国第一部系统的语法著作,它借鉴西方语言学理论,结合中国语言实际,构拟了汉语语法系统,使语法研究科学化、体系化。一、马氏以语法功能标准为动词分类,提出了受动字马氏认为:“外动字之行,有施有受。受者居宾次,常也。如受者居主次,则为受动字,明其以受者为主也。”这说明二点:其一,所谓受动是相对于外动而言的。吕叔湘先生说:“施事和受事因对比而显。”①所以受动字是相对外动字而
Ma Shi Wen Tong is the first systematic grammar work in our country. It draws on the theory of western linguistics and combines with the reality of Chinese language to construct a Chinese grammar system so as to make the study of grammar scientific and systematic. First, Ma’s grammatical function standards for the classification of the verb, put forward by the word Ma believes that: “outside the word of the trip, there are affected by the recipients times, often also, It is the subject of action, indicating that the subject is predominant. ”This shows two points: First, the so-called motivation is relative to extrinsic motivation. Mr. Lv Shuxiang said: “The affair and affair are obvious because of contrast.” ① Therefore,