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目的了解上海市闵行区29起水痘爆发疫情的流行病学特征,以及水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster Virus,VZV)流行株的基因型别。方法根据法定传染病报告系统和疾病监测点进行实时流行病学调查,收集数据并统计分析;同时对部分临床诊断水痘病例采集疱疹液标本,采用非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero Cell)和Vero-E6细胞进行VZV分离,从致细胞病变的培养上清液提取脱氧核糖核酸进行聚合酶链反应,并对扩增产物测序,分析其基因型别。结果2007年11月～2008年4月,上海市闵行区共发生29起水痘爆发疫情,罹患271例,平均罹患率0.42%;有水痘减毒活疫苗(Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine,VarV)接种史患者37例,占病例总数的13.65%。以2007年11、12月病例数最多,有明显的地区聚集趋势,人口流动大的地区罹患率高。2例患者VZV分离阳性,均为J基因型。结论上海市闵行区冬春季水痘疫情严峻,VZV基因型别与VarV Oka株一致。应加强中、小学及托幼机构易感人群的VarV接种,预防控制水痘疫情。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of 29 chickenpox outbreaks in Shanghai Minhang District and the genotypes of the strains of Varicella-zoster Virus (VZV). Methods Real-time epidemiological investigation was carried out according to the legal infectious disease reporting system and disease surveillance sites. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Herpes fluid samples were collected from some clinically diagnosed chickenpox cases. Vero cells and Vero-E6 The cells were isolated by VZV, DNA was extracted from the culture supernatant of the cytopathic effect, and the PCR products were sequenced to analyze the genotype. Results From November 2007 to April 2008, 29 outbreaks of varicella were observed in Minhang District, Shanghai. There were 271 cases with an average attack rate of 0.42%. Patients with Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine (VarV) vaccination history 37 cases, accounting for 13.65% of the total number of cases. The number of cases was the highest in November and December 2007, with a clear tendency of regional agglomeration and a high prevalence in areas with large population movements. Two patients were positive for VZV, both genotype J. Conclusion The epidemic situation of varicella in winter and spring in Minhang district of Shanghai is severe, and the genotype of VZV is consistent with VarV Oka strain. VarV vaccination should be strengthened to prevent and control varicella in susceptible population in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.