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为有效处理奶牛场养殖粪污,建立以之为原料的牛粪有机肥高效堆肥工艺,本文通过工厂堆肥试验,以牛粪为主料,以蘑菇渣、稻壳为辅料,设置C/N=15、C/N=25、C/N=35三个处理,研究不同碳氮比原料高温堆肥过程中堆体温度、pH值、EC、C/N和养分等理化指标的变化。结果表明,C/N=25堆体达到的温度最高,达到最高温度所需时间最短且保持65℃以上时间最长。堆肥过程中各处理pH值变化基本一致,均是先升高后降低再升高最后趋于稳定,各处理EC都是先波动上升后在波动中逐渐下降并趋于稳定。各处理堆体在堆肥过程中,C/N也都呈现逐步减小的趋势,并最终保持稳定。至堆肥结束时,各处理C/N分别11.7、15.0和21.3。各处理铵态氮含量逐渐下降,硝态氮含量逐渐增加,至堆肥结束时,铵态氮的损失量分别为80.7%、36.6%和46.7%,硝态氮含量分别增加到0.61 g kg~(-1)、0.50 g kg~(-1)、0.41 g kg~(-1)。堆肥结束时,各处理胡敏酸类、富里酸类等物质成为DOM的主体部分,N1、N3处理发芽指数大于50%但小于85%,N2处理发芽指数大于85%。各处理堆肥全磷、全钾含量在堆肥结束时比堆肥初始均有所增加。因此,牛粪高温堆肥能有效处理奶牛场养殖废弃物,且C/N=25时堆肥效果最佳。
In order to effectively deal with the feces and livestock manure in dairy farms, an efficient composting process of cow dung organic manure was established. In this paper, cow dung as main material and mushroom dregs and rice husk as auxiliary materials were set up with C / N = 15, C / N = 25 and C / N = 35 to study the changes of physical and chemical indexes such as temperature, pH value, EC, C / N and nutrients of composting during the high temperature composting of different C / N ratios. The results show that the C / N = 25 reactor reaches the highest temperature, the shortest time to reach the highest temperature and the longest time to stay above 65 ℃. During the compost process, the pH value of each treatment was basically the same, both of them increased first, then decreased then increased again and finally stabilized, and the ECs of all treatments decreased and stabilized gradually after fluctuating. During the composting process, the C / N of all treatment piles also showed a gradual decrease trend, and eventually remained stable. At the end of composting, the treatments C / N were 11.7, 15.0 and 21.3, respectively. The content of ammonium nitrogen in each treatment decreased gradually and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased gradually. At the end of composting, the loss of ammonium nitrogen was 80.7%, 36.6% and 46.7%, and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased to 0.61 g kg ~ ( -1), 0.50 g kg -1, 0.41 g kg -1. At the end of composting, the humic acids and fulvic acids were the main components of DOM. The germination index of N1 and N3 were more than 50% but less than 85%, and the germination index of N2 treatment was more than 85%. The total phosphorus and total potassium content of all compost treatments increased at the end of compost compared with the initial compost. Therefore, high-temperature composting cow dung can effectively deal with dairy farm waste, and C / N = 25 composting effect best.