目的:了解农村学童膳食铁摄入现状及其对贫血状况的影响。方法:整群抽取汉川市两所农村中心小学4~6年级的515名儿童进行膳食调查和贫血筛查。结果:受检儿童膳食铁总摄入量充足,但膳食铁来源中血红素铁所占比例较低仅为6.77%,其中8~9岁儿童摄入量明显低于其他年龄组。儿童贫血检出率为22.33%,89.57%为边缘性贫血,未检出中、重度贫血,其中12~13岁儿童的检出率最高达47.12%,其次为8~9岁儿童。观察到不同贫血程度间的铁摄入量及其来源构成差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且血红蛋白浓度与铁摄入量、血红素铁占铁总摄入量比例呈正相关,与非血红素铁占铁总摄入量比例呈负相关。结论:汉川地区农村学童膳食铁摄入不合理,且贫血率依然较高,以边缘性贫血为主。膳食铁摄入对贫血程度的分布及血红蛋白的浓度均有影响,应予以特别关注,有针对性地开展贫血的预防与干预。 Objective: To understand the status quo of dietary intake of iron in rural schoolchildren and their effect on anemia. Methods: A total of 515 children from grade 4 to grade 6 in two rural primary schools in Hanchuan City were enrolled in the dietary survey and anemia screening. Results: The total intake of dietary iron in the children was adequate, but the proportion of heme iron in the dietary iron source was only 6.77%, of which the intake of children aged 8-9 was significantly lower than that of other age groups. The detection rates of anemia in children were 22.33% and 89.57% were marginal anemia. No moderate or severe anemia was detected. The detection rate of children aged 12 ~ 13 was 47.12%, followed by that of children aged 8 ~ 9. It was observed that there was a statistically significant difference in iron intake and source composition between different anemia levels (P <0.05), and there was a positive correlation between hemoglobin concentration and iron intake and the proportion of heme iron to total iron intake, and Non-heme iron total iron intake was negatively correlated. Conclusion: The intake of iron in rural children in Hanchuan is unreasonable, and the anemia rate is still high, mainly marginal anemia. Dietary iron intake on the distribution of anemia and hemoglobin concentration have an impact, should pay special attention to targeted prevention and intervention of anemia.