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部分倒装的变化方法就是变疑问句的方法,所不同的是疑问句中的特殊疑问句有疑问词,而倒装句没有,但句首会有其他结构,提示我们这里要用倒装了。所以部分倒装中大家最要熟悉的就是疑问句的语序和变疑问句的方法。在此我归纳了三个五字口诀,记住了这个口诀,倒装的问题就迎刃而解了,这三个口诀就是“前倒后不倒”、“主倒状不倒”和“前倒后也倒”。
一、常考特殊句式之“前倒后不倒”:
1. not only ... but also
not only ... but also连接两个并列句子的倒装,not only位于句首时,其所在部分句子部分倒装,but also部分不变。
Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. 他不仅被强迫待在家里,而且还不得不得写作业。
注意 not only ... but also如果不连接两个并列分句,就与倒装无关,而在连接并列主语时还要注意就近原则。
2. no sooner ... than; hardly/scarcely ... when
在固定搭配hardly ... when/no sooner ... than中,当hardly和no sooner位于句首时,其所在部分部分倒装,后面的句子不再倒装,而且前面部分多为过去完成时,后面部分为过去时。
Hardly had they left when it began to rain.(hardly) 他们刚一离开就下雨了。
No sooner had I arrived home than the bell rang. (no sooner) 我刚一到家铃就响了。
注意 不用倒装的情况:
They had hardly left when it began to rain.
I had no sooner arrived home than the bell rang.
3. so/such …that
so/such ... that中的so/such位于句首时so和such所在部分要用部分倒装,that后面的句子不变。
So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street. 那些学生们读书声音很大以至于外面街上的行人都能听到。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 那些字太小了,他几乎看不清。
Such a famous man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him. 他非常出名,人们都想和他合影。
二、“主倒状不倒”主要出现在以下四种句型上:
1. not until
其倒装形式(部分倒装)只出现在主句部分,状语即使是句子也不能倒装。否定词是属于主句的,如没有放到状语之前且位于句首就不能用倒装。
Not until he got home___________(他才知道)that his parents had been ill for three days. (know)
→He didn’t know that his parents had been ill for three days until he got home. (原句)
→It was not until he got home that he knew that his parents had been ill for three days. (强调句型)
2. as
As的倒装是最为特殊的倒装,与我们这里提到的疑问句形式没有任何关系。as/though引导让步状语从句,从句的表语或状语等提前到从句的句首即为倒装,主句和从句都不需要再倒装;注意as引导其他状语从句,不用倒装的情况。
Brave as Jason is, he is still afraid of mouse. 就算杰森那么勇敢的人也害怕老鼠。
注意 如果表语是名词,提前时含有冠词的要去掉冠词。
Well-written as the book is, its author was not satisfied with it. 即使这本书已经写得很好了,但作者仍不满意。
注意 though引导的从句可以倒装也可以不倒装,although引导的从句则不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句多数用倒装,引导其他从句不倒装。
3. only
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首,强调句子的状语时, 主句部分倒装,状语或状语从句部分不变。
Only then did I fully understand what my father said. 直到那时我才明白父亲的话。
Only when I left school did I realize how important study is. 直到我离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。
注意 如果only强调的是句子主语,则不倒装。
Only he can help us. 只有他们能够帮助我们。
4. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,主句部分倒装。常见的否定词有:
not, no, never, little, rarely, barely, no longer, no more, seldom, hardly, in no case, under no circumstances, at no time, by no means, in no way, not a bit, not once, nowhere等。
Not once have they had so much money. 他们从未拥有过这么多钱。
Nowhere other than your hometown can you find your root. 只有在你的家乡你才能寻到你的根。
有趣的是,虚拟语气和条件从句中省略if的倒装,和上面的倒装是相反的,是状倒主不倒的。If省略后,倒装出现在if从句部分,而主句是不用倒装的。
Had you listened to your father’s suggestion, you would not be so unhappy now. 如果你当初听了你父亲的建议,现在也不会这么难过。
Should he be fired, how will he make a living. 如果他被辞了,他如何生存。
三、“前倒后也倒”仅出现在neither ... nor 的倒装:
Neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不”,若连接两分句,且neither位于句首,前后的句子都要倒装(部分倒装),故为“前倒后也倒”。此时注意有些特殊情况的时态要求。如果连接主语要注意就近原则。
Neither is she fond of dancing, nor am I. 她不喜欢跳舞,我也不喜欢。
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. 他没有打电话给她,也不打算打给她。
Neither he nor I am going to see you. 他和我都不打算去见你。
除了以上倒装以外,我们还要掌握so, neither, nor的倒装。用来表示前面所述一件事也(不)适合另一个人或物时,so用于肯定句,neither/nor用于否定句,形式为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语,杰克也会。
注意 ①当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构,意为“的确如此”, 形式为“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆喊我出去踢足球,我去了。
② 但如果上文所述的事情也适合另一个人或物,就用So it is/was with sb或It is/was the same with sb。
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels. 马克思在德国出生,德语是他的母语。恩格斯也是。
③ 如果需要倒装的句子中要表达的肯定或否定和上面所述情况一致(大多是否定情况),但是谓语动词却不一样,此时要在倒装后面加上相应的动词,而且要用动词原形。例如:
I don’t know what he thinks, and nor do I care about it. 我不知道他在想什么,我也不在乎他在想什么。
Jack doesn’t enjoy playing computer games, and neither does he like study. 杰克不喜欢电脑游戏,也不喜欢学习。
④注意时态和动词形式的变化。
If you don’t go, neither will I. 你要是不去,那我也不去了。
一、常考特殊句式之“前倒后不倒”:
1. not only ... but also
not only ... but also连接两个并列句子的倒装,not only位于句首时,其所在部分句子部分倒装,but also部分不变。
Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. 他不仅被强迫待在家里,而且还不得不得写作业。
注意 not only ... but also如果不连接两个并列分句,就与倒装无关,而在连接并列主语时还要注意就近原则。
2. no sooner ... than; hardly/scarcely ... when
在固定搭配hardly ... when/no sooner ... than中,当hardly和no sooner位于句首时,其所在部分部分倒装,后面的句子不再倒装,而且前面部分多为过去完成时,后面部分为过去时。
Hardly had they left when it began to rain.(hardly) 他们刚一离开就下雨了。
No sooner had I arrived home than the bell rang. (no sooner) 我刚一到家铃就响了。
注意 不用倒装的情况:
They had hardly left when it began to rain.
I had no sooner arrived home than the bell rang.
3. so/such …that
so/such ... that中的so/such位于句首时so和such所在部分要用部分倒装,that后面的句子不变。
So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street. 那些学生们读书声音很大以至于外面街上的行人都能听到。
So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 那些字太小了,他几乎看不清。
Such a famous man is he that everyone wants to take a photo with him. 他非常出名,人们都想和他合影。
二、“主倒状不倒”主要出现在以下四种句型上:
1. not until
其倒装形式(部分倒装)只出现在主句部分,状语即使是句子也不能倒装。否定词是属于主句的,如没有放到状语之前且位于句首就不能用倒装。
Not until he got home___________(他才知道)that his parents had been ill for three days. (know)
→He didn’t know that his parents had been ill for three days until he got home. (原句)
→It was not until he got home that he knew that his parents had been ill for three days. (强调句型)
2. as
As的倒装是最为特殊的倒装,与我们这里提到的疑问句形式没有任何关系。as/though引导让步状语从句,从句的表语或状语等提前到从句的句首即为倒装,主句和从句都不需要再倒装;注意as引导其他状语从句,不用倒装的情况。
Brave as Jason is, he is still afraid of mouse. 就算杰森那么勇敢的人也害怕老鼠。
注意 如果表语是名词,提前时含有冠词的要去掉冠词。
Well-written as the book is, its author was not satisfied with it. 即使这本书已经写得很好了,但作者仍不满意。
注意 though引导的从句可以倒装也可以不倒装,although引导的从句则不能倒装,as引导让步状语从句多数用倒装,引导其他从句不倒装。
3. only
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首,强调句子的状语时, 主句部分倒装,状语或状语从句部分不变。
Only then did I fully understand what my father said. 直到那时我才明白父亲的话。
Only when I left school did I realize how important study is. 直到我离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。
注意 如果only强调的是句子主语,则不倒装。
Only he can help us. 只有他们能够帮助我们。
4. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,主句部分倒装。常见的否定词有:
not, no, never, little, rarely, barely, no longer, no more, seldom, hardly, in no case, under no circumstances, at no time, by no means, in no way, not a bit, not once, nowhere等。
Not once have they had so much money. 他们从未拥有过这么多钱。
Nowhere other than your hometown can you find your root. 只有在你的家乡你才能寻到你的根。
有趣的是,虚拟语气和条件从句中省略if的倒装,和上面的倒装是相反的,是状倒主不倒的。If省略后,倒装出现在if从句部分,而主句是不用倒装的。
Had you listened to your father’s suggestion, you would not be so unhappy now. 如果你当初听了你父亲的建议,现在也不会这么难过。
Should he be fired, how will he make a living. 如果他被辞了,他如何生存。
三、“前倒后也倒”仅出现在neither ... nor 的倒装:
Neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不”,若连接两分句,且neither位于句首,前后的句子都要倒装(部分倒装),故为“前倒后也倒”。此时注意有些特殊情况的时态要求。如果连接主语要注意就近原则。
Neither is she fond of dancing, nor am I. 她不喜欢跳舞,我也不喜欢。
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. 他没有打电话给她,也不打算打给她。
Neither he nor I am going to see you. 他和我都不打算去见你。
除了以上倒装以外,我们还要掌握so, neither, nor的倒装。用来表示前面所述一件事也(不)适合另一个人或物时,so用于肯定句,neither/nor用于否定句,形式为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语,杰克也会。
注意 ①当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构,意为“的确如此”, 形式为“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆喊我出去踢足球,我去了。
② 但如果上文所述的事情也适合另一个人或物,就用So it is/was with sb或It is/was the same with sb。
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels. 马克思在德国出生,德语是他的母语。恩格斯也是。
③ 如果需要倒装的句子中要表达的肯定或否定和上面所述情况一致(大多是否定情况),但是谓语动词却不一样,此时要在倒装后面加上相应的动词,而且要用动词原形。例如:
I don’t know what he thinks, and nor do I care about it. 我不知道他在想什么,我也不在乎他在想什么。
Jack doesn’t enjoy playing computer games, and neither does he like study. 杰克不喜欢电脑游戏,也不喜欢学习。
④注意时态和动词形式的变化。
If you don’t go, neither will I. 你要是不去,那我也不去了。