目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)在新生儿窒息肾损害治疗过程中的变化情况。方法:选取窒息新生儿37例为观察组,根据血肌酐水平,将其分为肾功能正常组15例和肾功能异常组22例。选取同期健康新生儿30例为对照组。分别在新生儿入院时和治疗7天后检测血、尿TNF-α和TGF-β1水平。对比肾功能正常患儿、肾功能异常患儿和对照组入院时和治疗7天后的血、尿TNF-α和TGF-β1水平变化。结果:入院时,肾功能异常组患儿的血、尿TNF-α水平均显著高于肾功能正常组和对照组,而血、尿TGF-β1水平则显著低于肾功能正常组和对照组(P<0.05);肾功能正常组患儿的血、尿TNF-α水平显著高于对照组,而血、尿TGF-β1水平则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);经过7天的治疗后,观察组患儿的血、尿TNF-α水平均显著低于治疗前,而血、尿TGF-β1水平则显著高于治疗前(P<0.05);肾功能异常组患儿的血、尿TNF-α水平均显著高于肾功能正常组和对照组,而血、尿TGF-β1水平则显著低于肾功能正常组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论:TNF-α和TGF-β1的检测能够反映出新生儿窒息肾损害的肾功能变化情况,对肾损害早期发现和临床疗效的评估均具有一定的指导价值。 Objective: To investigate the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the treatment of neonatal asphyxia and renal damage. Methods: Thirty-seven neonates with asphyxia were selected as observation group. According to serum creatinine, 15 cases were divided into normal renal function group and 22 cases with abnormal renal function group. Thirty healthy newborns were selected as the control group. The levels of blood and urine TNF-α and TGF-β1 were detected at the neonatal admission and after 7 days of treatment respectively. The levels of blood and urine TNF-α and TGF-β1 in children with normal renal function, children with renal dysfunction and control group after admission and after 7 days of treatment were compared. Results: At admission, serum and urine levels of TNF-α in children with abnormal renal function were significantly higher than those in normal renal function group and control group, while blood and urine TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower than those in normal renal function group and control group (P <0.05). The levels of blood and urine TNF-α in children with normal renal function were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of TGF-β1 in blood and urine were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05) After treatment, the levels of TNF-α in blood and urine in observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the levels of TGF-β1 in blood and urine were significantly higher than those before treatment (P <0.05); the blood of children with renal dysfunction group , Urinary TNF-α levels were significantly higher than the normal renal function group and the control group, while blood, urine TGF-β1 levels were significantly lower than the normal renal function group and the control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection of TNF-α and TGF-β1 can reflect the changes of renal function in neonatal asphyxia and renal injury, and has certain guiding value for the early detection of renal damage and evaluation of clinical efficacy.