抗肿瘤药物的副作用已知有抑制骨髓、消化道障碍、发育障碍及脱发等。近年,对以白血病为主的小儿恶性肿瘤,联合应用作用强的一些制剂如柔毛霉素、阿霉素等蒽环类药物,引起了重要的心脏毒性副作用。作者对急性骨髓性白血病患儿用化疗,相继引起3例心肌病,现加以介绍。一、临床特征心脏毒性分为急性型和慢性型。急性心脏毒性出现在用药后数小时～数日,主要可见心电图异常,即室上性心动过速、期外收缩、室内传导障碍、非特异性ST-T段变化或QRS波群变低等。这些改变是因给药量不同而引起的非特异性心电图变化,几乎是暂时的,可在治疗中或治疗停止时恢复正 Side effects of antineoplastic drugs are known to inhibit bone marrow, gastrointestinal disorders, developmental disorders and hair loss. In recent years, leukemia-based pediatric malignancies, combined with some agents such as daunorubicin, doxorubicin and other anthracyclines, caused important side effects of cardiac toxicity. The author of chemotherapy in children with acute myeloid leukemia, have caused three cases of cardiomyopathy, are introduced. First, the clinical features of cardiac toxicity divided into acute and chronic type. Acute cardiotoxicity occurred in a few hours to several days after treatment, mainly ECG abnormalities, supraventricular tachycardia, extrasystoles, conduction disturbance in the room, non-specific ST-T changes or lower QRS complex. These changes are nonspecific ECG changes caused by different doses, almost temporary, and may be recovered during or at the end of treatment