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目的了解2003—2015年我国学校食源性疾病暴发事件的时间趋势,为有效防控学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发生提供参考。方法对2003—2015年国家食源性疾病监测网报告的全国各类学校食源性疾病暴发事件引起的发病人数,按照月份、致病因素、原因食品、学校类别等分组并进行时间趋势分析。结果 2003—2015年全国共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件1 050起,累计发病人数37 281人次。不同月份的发病人数分布明显不同,9月份发病人数最多,累计发病9 928人次。2009年之后,致病微生物及毒素致发病人数有上升趋势,化学性因素致发病人数有下降趋势。2003—2015年致病微生物及其毒素发病人数排在前5位的是蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、大肠杆菌、志贺菌。幼儿园食源性疾病发病人数及构成比有上升趋势。结论我国学校食源性疾病事件的发病人数随时间变化在不同致病因素、原因食品等方面的构成比有差异,需有针对性的进行预防。
Objective To understand the time trend of school-based foodborne disease outbreaks in China from 2003 to 2015 and provide a reference for effective prevention and control of school-based outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Methods The incidence of outbreaks of foodborne disease outbreaks reported by the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network from 2003 to 2015 in all kinds of schools in China was analyzed according to the month, causative factors, the causes of food, school categories and so on. Results From 2003 to 2015, a total of 1 050 food-borne outbreaks were reported in the country, with a cumulative incidence of 37,281. The distribution of incidence of different months was significantly different, the largest number of patients in September, the cumulative incidence of 9 928 passengers. After 2009, the number of pathogenic microorganisms and toxins caused by the rise in the number of trends, the number of chemical-induced decline in the number of patients. The top 5 pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins in 2003-2015 were Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Shigella. The incidence and composition of foodborne diseases in kindergartens are on the rise. Conclusion The incidence of school-based foodborne illness varies with time in different causative factors, the reasons for the composition of food and other aspects are different, need to be targeted for prevention.