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大约30 年前,美苏之间曾发生过一次冷战期间最为严重的海上对抗事件。这次危机发生于美国海军将其战略注意力连续数年集中于越战的时期,见证了此前10 年未在地中海部署海军力量的苏联如何充分利用美国在政治、战略和战术方面的弱点。实际上,这次对美国构成的实质性海上挑战,是由苏联这样一个传统上几乎完全实行海岸防御战略的国家所发起的。美国当前实施的多场全球反恐战争,可能会使美国海军对其争夺制海权的核心使命有所淡化。当年两个超级大国之间那场几乎被人遗忘的严重危机将提醒美国海军,海上冲突可能随时发生。地中海危机显示的情况表明,美国的对手即使是在面临严重局限性(甚至是在美国保持其传统海上优势)时,仍具备局部的海上拦截能力。
About 30 years ago, one of the most serious maritime confrontations during the Cold War took place between the United States and the Soviet Union. The crisis took place in the United States Navy’s strategic focus for years on the Vietnam War, witnessing how the Soviet Union, which had not deployed naval forces in the Mediterranean for the previous decade, took full advantage of the U.S. political, strategic and tactical weaknesses. In fact, this substantive maritime challenge to the United States was initiated by a country like the Soviet Union, which has traditionally practiced almost completely the strategy of coastal defense. The many U.S.-led global war on terror that is currently being implemented may weaken the U.S. navy’s core mission of competing for sea rules. The almost forgotten crisis between the two superpowers in that year will remind the U.S. Navy that maritime conflicts may take place at any time. The Mediterranean crisis shows that U.S. rivals still have partial maritime interception capability even in the face of serious limitations, even when the United States maintains its traditional maritime advantage.